None of the residents of the Far Eastern Territory will argue that their main river is the Amur River. It is located in fourth place among the rivers of the Russian Federation, yielding in its length only to such magnificent flows as the Ob, Yenisei and Lena. The mouth of the Amur - Sea of Okhotsk.
a brief description of
Water flow is formed due to the merger of Argun and Shilka. The place where it originates, before Khabarovsk is considered the border between two countries: Russia and China. The slope of the channel is not more than 0.11%. The source and mouth of the Amur River stretch for 2850 km. Sometimes, one of the constituent rivers, Shilka, is taken as the starting point, in which case the length of the water stream will be 4510 km. However, these values may not be entirely accurate, as the measurement process is quite complicated. The basin area, including the Kerulen River, is 2 million square meters. km Characteristic differences can be observed throughout the water flow. So, for example, its valley is divided into three parts: lower, middle, upper. Each of these sections is characterized by certain dimensions of the depth and width of the channel, as well as the nature of the flow. The height of the mouth of the Amur River (as well as the height of the sea) is 0 m, while the source is 304 m above sea level.
Geography
The entire basin of the water stream is located in East Asia. It immediately covers four natural zones: forest, steppe, forest-steppe, semi-desert. Each year, about 300 mm of precipitation falls, the same amount of which enters the source and mouth of the Amur River; in the area of the Sikhote-Alin ridge, in particular in its southeastern part, this number increases to 750 mm.
The river basin covers several states at once - Russia (54%), China (44%), Mongolia (1%). Part of the Amur, which is located in the Russian Federation, is divided into the Far Eastern region and the Siberian.
Hydrology
The Amur River, whose mouth is located in the city of Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, is divided into three sections:
- Lower . It stretches for 966 km. It has industrial value. It is located near the mouth of Ussuri to Nikolaevsk-on-Amur. The flow rate at this interval reaches 4 km / h, this allows you to successfully engage in fishing not only for personal purposes, but also for sale.
- Medium Captures the site from Zeya to Ussuri. The length is more than 970 km. The coast in this area is densely covered with vegetation. The movement of water in the stream is on average about 5 km / h. The channel on this gap is wide enough and deep, which contributes to the development of shipping.
- Top . It stretches to the mouth of the Zeya River and occupies about 880 km. It is famous for its variety of flora and fauna. You can often meet representatives of salmon. The speed of the current is 5 km / h.
The water consumption for the year is 9819 m 3 / s, mainly these data take into account the flow in the city of Komsomolsk, where the Amur River flows. The mouth spends much more - 11 400 m 3 / s.
The uniqueness and feature of the water flow can be called the fact that the water level in it is constantly changing due to rains. As a rule, they make up more than 70% of the runoff. In the summer low-water season, the water level drops to 15 m on the upper, as well as on the middle section of the Amur, in the lower height reaches a record decline - up to 8 m. In some zones, the flow spreads to a distance of 25 km. This is mainly due to characteristic climatic conditions, in particular constant heavy rains. This state of the river can last almost up to 2-3 months. At the moment, after numerous waterworks were built, floods are less pronounced, and the water level fluctuates around 6 m.
Ecology
In this water stream, the indicators of harmful substances are too high and can be dangerous both for the outside world and for human health. In 2005, an accident occurred at a Chinese plant, which resulted in the release of toxic chemicals into Sungari. This case negatively affected the ecological state of rivers that have common tributaries. According to one of them, gas, nitrobenzene and other substances were brought into the Amur over the course. For a long time they lay in huge spots on the surface of its waters. Phenol, nitrates and other microbiological particles - it all contains the Amur River. The mouth, the waters of which are polluted quite strongly, is on the verge of an environmental disaster. In order to save water in the Khabarovsk region, a dam was built. This allowed us to change the movement of the river and send all chemical pollution to the northern shore, which is located in Russia. A year later, the dam was partially dismantled, as there was no urgent need for it.
3 years after the accident at the plant, in 2008, residents of coastal areas discovered an oil slick, the size of which reached an average of 2 km. However, no matter how scientists tried, its origin could not be established.
The Amur River, whose mouth is rich in tributaries, has several watercourses:
- Zeya is the largest river of the basin.
- Bureya - rich in deposits of ore, coal.
- Songhuajiang, or Sungari, has serious environmental problems.
- Ussuri is an important water supply facility.
- Anyui - a distinctive feature of the river lies in the fact that there was rip on it.
- Amgun is very rich in fish and is of great industrial importance.
It has recently been suggested that Cupid is a tributary of Zeya, and not vice versa. Thanks to images from space, we can understand that it is much more full-flowing and wider. From a geological point of view, its valley is a continuation of the Amur (when viewed in the south-north direction). However, the source remote from the mouth is due to the traditional method - through Argun, Amur. Therefore, the width and fullness of the river in determining the tributaries are rarely considered.