In the modern world there are so many different diseases that sometimes you don’t even suspect what problem will overtake you at the next stage of life. There are diseases that pose a great danger to our body, and sometimes even life. In some cases, with serious complications, collapse can occur, emergency care will be urgently needed to save a person's life.
What is collapse?
With many diseases, a disturbance in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system can occur, which is responsible for regulating vascular tone. In such situations, acute vascular insufficiency may develop .
During the collapse, pressure drops, as paresis of small vessels occurs. The volume of blood moving through them decreases sharply, blood flow slows down. This leads to the fact that the brain ceases to receive the necessary amount of oxygen and nutrients. The same goes for the heart muscle.
In this state, blood supply to the whole body is disrupted, which leads to metabolic disorders. Not only neuro-reflex disorders can lead to vascular insufficiency, but also toxic substances of a protein nature. This usually happens with infectious diseases, such as pneumonia, typhus, during a heart attack, or severe blood loss.
Varieties of collapse
Collapse is divided into three types, depending on the clinic and pathogenesis:
- Sympatonic. This form of collapse is accompanied by an increased tone of the sympathetic department of the nervous system, which leads to spasm of the arteries throughout the body. Systolic pressure in such situations is normal or slightly elevated, and diastolic pressure is high. If such a collapse is observed, emergency care is required urgent so as not to earn more serious complications.
- Vagotonic collapse. In this condition, the parasympathetic system comes into tone. Arteries, on the contrary, expand, diastolic pressure decreases, bradycardia is observed. The cause of this condition is fright, fainting, hypoglycemic coma.
- Paralytic. Most often, with severe depletion of the mechanisms that are responsible for the regulation of blood circulation. The vessels expand, the pressure drops, and collapse occurs, emergency care comes down to normalizing blood pressure in the first place.
Causes of Collapse
Many conditions can cause a condition such as collapse:
- Severe bleeding after injuries, internal bleeding.
- Many infectious diseases, for example, hepatitis, scarlet fever, pneumonia.
- In girls - puberty.
- In the case when the patient, lying for a long time, tries to stand up sharply.
- Dehydration.
- Electric shock.
- Heatstroke.
- Exposure to ionizing radiation, especially at high doses.
- Poisoning by food or certain medicines.
If collapse occurs as a result of these reasons, emergency care will depend on them. In each case, the actions will be different.
Signs of collapse
As a rule, collapse recognition is not difficult. Its manifestations are usually clear and vivid, so it is almost impossible to confuse with other diseases. The main symptoms of collapse include the following:
- A sharp deterioration in human condition.
- Severe and sudden headache.
- Noise in ears.
- It's getting dark in my eyes.
- Weakness in the body.
- Unpleasant sensations appear in the heart.
- A sharp decrease in pressure.
- The skin turns pale and cold sweat appears.
- A bluish tint of nails, skin on the arms and legs appears.
- Facial features are sharpened.
- Breathing becomes frequent and shallow.
- The body temperature decreases.
- The pulse is threadlike and difficult to feel.
- Often there is a loss of consciousness.
Emergency care for the collapse should be done immediately to get the person out of this condition as quickly as possible.
Symptoms of collapse in children
The child’s body perceives any malfunctions in its work much more strongly, so the onset of collapse can be accurately recorded. Symptoms are usually as follows:
- The child suddenly becomes ill.
- He is sluggish, he is not interested in the world around him.
- The skin becomes pale, covered with cold sweat.
- There is cyanosis of the lips.
- A threadlike pulse is barely palpable.
- Usually tachycardia, but there may be bradycardia.
- Blood pressure drops sharply.
- Babies may have cramps due to hypoxia.
In such situations, urgent care is needed for children with collapse.
First Aid for Collapse
It may happen that your loved one needs help with a collapse. No one is safe from this, therefore, everyone should have elementary skills in its rendering. The emergency care algorithm for collapse, although voluminous, can be remembered by anyone.
- Call an ambulance.
- In case of such an attack, it is necessary to put the patient on his back on a flat surface.
- To unfasten the top buttons on clothes, if any.
- It is advisable to open a window in the room so that more fresh air arrives.
- Feet can be raised slightly to increase blood flow to the head.
- Since there is a decrease in body temperature, the patient must be warmed with a heating pad.
- Bring a swab dipped in ammonia to the nose.
- Introduce 0.1% solution of Adrenaline, 0.5% solution of Ephedrine.
- If the collapse is caused by severe bleeding, then it must be stopped.
- The patient to ensure complete peace.
- In case of cardiac arrest, it is necessary to carry out indirect heart massage in combination with artificial respiration.
We examined what constitutes collapse. Emergency care, the algorithm for its implementation - these issues were also raised by us, but there are other points that must be taken into account.
Forbidden for collapse
If you need to provide first aid to a person with a collapse, this does not mean that all means are good. There are things you can’t do:
- In no case should you give the patient heart preparations, since they dilate blood vessels.
- During a loss of consciousness, you should not try to pour a little water into your mouth or stuff a pill.
- It is also not recommended to resort to the help of slaps in the face to bring a person to feelings.
Most often, the score in such situations is minutes, therefore, even before the ambulance arrives, competent emergency care should be provided in case of fainting and collapse.
Collapse drug therapy
An ambulance arrived will certainly take the patient to the hospital. Within its walls, assistance will be provided, but with the use of drugs. First of all, intravenous infusions of Sodium Chloride are prescribed. The amount of the drug is determined by the condition of the patient. The doctor draws attention to the following symptoms:
- Human condition and the totality of all indicators.
- The color of the nasolabial triangle: if it is too pale, then a vasodilator will need more.
- Diuresis.
- The amount of blood pressure.
- Heart rate.
As additional therapy prescribed:
- Anti-inflammatory drugs, for example, Metipred, Prednisolone.
- Vasopressor drugs are administered intravenously.
- To quickly relieve spasm, Novocain is administered.
After the patient's condition returns to normal, they begin treatment of the disease that triggered the collapse. You must always remember: if your loved one experiences a collapse, the urgent help you provide him can save a life. That is why everyone should know the list of necessary actions during such a situation. Health to all, may such situations never happen in your life.