The essence of the functioning of the country, ultimately, boils down to what executive authorities are present in it. Therefore, it is important to clearly understand what they are, what structure and what powers they have.
The concept and structure of executive bodies
Turning to the definition provided by constitutional scientists, we can say that the bodies under consideration should be understood as those which, by virtue of their responsibilities, administer state affairs and ensure the effective implementation of legislation in the existing life of the people.
Executive bodies are formed depending on what goals were set for them. Therefore, it is important to understand the main areas of their activities, which are:
- creation and maintenance of such conditions for the activities of the company and any of its members under which all provisions of the legislation, in particular the constitutional acts of the country, would be observed;
- ensuring the maximum level of security for a society living in the country, both under internal and external threats. Moreover, the nature of the threat (from another state or from natural and / or technological factors) does not matter;
- the formation of such a level of development of the country, in which each component unit will be guaranteed the availability of favorable conditions for development.
To achieve these goals, lawyers and political scientists developed a certain structure of executive bodies:
- the highest level - represented by the government and the president. If the government always falls into this category, then the inclusion of the president in it is characteristic only of the presidential and semi-presidential republic;
- the second level - ministries, state committees and departments;
- the third is federal governments (valid only for federations);
- the fourth level is local self-government, which includes city halls, administrations, departments.
Thus, state authorities are special state formations operating both at the level of the whole country and on its separate section and obliged to carry out normative acts adopted by the legislative branch into the existing public life .
Executive power in Russia
Speaking about the subjective composition of the executive branch in the Russian Federation, it should be remembered that it represents a federation. And, accordingly, all executive bodies are divided into two categories - national and federal.
According to the current Constitution, the first type should be considered, first of all, the government. The terms of reference are wide enough. And this provision is connected with the fact that the competence of this body includes the general management of all federal districts. In addition, it should be remembered that it is also obliged to implement all existing legislation, develop draft bills in various areas of public life, as well as implement the country's foreign policy.
The executive branch in Russia at the national level is also represented by federal ministries. Their competence includes the regulation of a specific area of public relations at the national level.
The third representative of the state level of executive power is the State Committee, which coordinates the activities between two or more ministries. The federal commissions function along with them.
The fourth body is federal services, which have a strictly delineated scope of activity, usually limited to special acts.
At the level of constituent entities of the federation , the following executive bodies are distinguished:
- bodies of the republics - they are formed depending on the type of the specified form of government;
- bodies of territorial entities - as a rule, are represented by the administration of territorial divisions.
Thus, the structure of the executive branch in Russia is complex and multi-stage, which is explained by the specifics of the administrative-territorial form.