Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov did a lot for the development of domestic literature. In his work, the great Russian philologist relied on the lyrical ode genre .
Foreword
The ode takes its origins from antiquity. The 18th century of Russian literary creation is represented by a wide variety of odes, such as laudable, spiritual, victorious patriotic, philosophical and anacreontic. As usual, it is a quatrain with a repeating rhyme. In its domestic version, for the most part there were stanzas consisting of ten verses.
Victory-patriotic "Ode to the capture of Khotin"
Mikhail Vasilyevich presented his victorious and patriotic creation under the title “Ode to the Taking of Khotin” in 1739. In it, Lomonosov presents the possibility of isolating three basic parts: this is the introduction, the very description of the battle scenes and then the climax, represented by the glorification and rewarding of the winners. The battle scenes are shown with the inherent Lomonosov style of hyperbolization, with many impressive comparisons, metaphors and personifications, which in turn most clearly reflect the drama and heroism of the war.
Drama and pathetics are exacerbated with the appearance of rhetorical questions, the exclamations of the author, which he turns now to Russian soldiers, then to their opponents. In addition, there are also appeals to the historical past, which in turn enriches an ode performed in the spirit of patriotism.
The first to use the four-foot iambic rhyme with male and female rhymes in his odes was Lomonosov. The genre of odes is the true peak of his work. Subsequently, the four-footed iambic was also represented in the writings of Pushkin, Lermontov, Nekrasov, Yesenin, Blok and other poets.
Commendable odes
Most of the writings written by Mikhail Vasilievich were related to the coronation of a ruler. He dedicated his odes to John IV Antonovich, Peter III, Anna Ioannovna, Catherine II and others. An integral part of the idle coronation was the ode genre. Lomonosov was embraced by inspiration, and each of his creations described the official-court role of the rulers in a much broader and more colorful way. Mikhail Vasilievich invested his ideological plan in each of the odes, anticipating the bright future of the Russian people.
The ode genre was used by Mikhail Vasilievich as one of the most convenient forms of conversation with the crowned rulers. In the form of this praise for affairs that, as a rule, the monarch has not yet committed, Lomonosov expressed his preferences, instructions and advice in favor of a great-power state. Oda allowed them to be presented in a soft, approving and flattering tone for the rulers. The desired in the coronation praise of Lomonosov was presented as real and thus obliged the monarch in the future to be worthy of her.
The ode genre in the work of Mikhail Vasilievich also reflected all kinds of events in the political life of that time. The greatest attention was given to battle events. The great Russian poet was proud of the glory of Russian artillery and the greatness of the Russian state, capable of resisting any enemy.
The poetic personality of the meritorious odes of Mikhail Vasilyevich is fully identified with their ideological content. Each ode is an enthusiastic monologue of the poet.
Spiritual odes
Lomonosov fully proved himself in writing spiritual odes. In the 18th century they were called poetic expositions of biblical scriptures with lyrical content. At the head of the book was a book of psalms, where poets continually sought out topics similar to their thoughts and experiences. For this reason, spiritual odes could carry the most diverse orientation - from its especially personal performance to a high, general civilian.
Lomonosov’s spiritual odes are filled with ecstasy, delight, harmony and magnificence of the universe.
In presenting one of the most dramatic biblical books, the Book of Job, Lomonosov singled out her pious and ethical issues and provided a description of her truly reverent wildlife paintings. And again, before us, readers, an immense sky painted with stars appears, a riotous sea abyss, a storm, an eagle soaring abstractly in the heavenly expanses, a huge hippopotamus furiously trampling raging thorns, and even Leviathan mythical in its magnificence, living on the bottom of the ocean.
Unlike laudable, the spiritual ode genre is distinguished by its laconicism and grace of presentation. The stanzas, consisting of ten verses, are replaced here, as a rule, with quatrains with a ring or cross rhyme. The style of writing spiritual odes seems concise and devoid of all sorts of "decorations".
Finally
An ode was presented to our attention. What genre can still boast such wonderful lyrical content? Thanks to the variety of means of expression and ideological content used, the works of Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov to this day occupy a worthy place among the majestic creations of Russian poetry.