What is education, who is an educated person, as well as many other questions about the processes of development and education (including in our country) will be considered and reflected in this article.
What is education?
The fact that education is the greatest good for man should not be proved. Without it, people remain rude, poor and unhappy. A similar idea was expressed in the 19th century by one very educated person, writer and publicist, literary critic, scientist and encyclopedist, philosopher and revolutionary, N. Chernyshevsky
In this case, we are not talking about education received in some educational institutions and confirmed by an appropriate diploma. This is a narrow view of the educational process. Let us try to look at it more broadly: education (the essence of education) is a natural and necessary process of developing the inner qualities of a person, his soul and spirit. Moreover, this process should not have an end; it proceeds throughout the entire conscious life of a person. It is in this case that he will benefit himself, his family, environment, society and the world, because, developing independently, a person necessarily moves all the processes around him, leading them to a dynamic state of development.
The problem of modernity
Unfortunately, in our time, many people, and especially parents, believe that the essence of education is the development of their children, starting in kindergarten, continuing in school and ending at the graduation with a diploma. After that, parents congratulate their child on the fact that he (or she) is now considered an educated person. I must say that such an opinion is fundamentally wrong.
Parents - the main educators, teachers, mentors and examples for their daughters and sons - should carefully think over the time of their offspring outside the walls of educational institutions in childhood and adolescence in order to prevent the mind, mind and consciousness of children from withering or clouding. It is necessary to educate one's children not only within the framework of individual subjects, but also more broadly - for the knowledge of the surrounding boundless world.
Gradually and continuously developing and forming from childhood, a person no longer knows another way, and therefore, growing up, he continues to work on himself and learn the unknown, passing on at the same time transferring the accumulated rich experience to his descendants. After all, every day, every person met on the way, every new business is another opportunity to gain some knowledge and to show your qualities or to develop something new in yourself. A kindergarten, school or university is just additional springboards to help parents raise and educate their children. However, today, most modern dads and mothers want to relieve themselves (unconsciously, possibly) of responsibility for their child and transfer it to the shoulders of teachers.
Education: the essence of education and the meaning of this concept
The meaning of the concept of “education” is not simple and multifaceted, since this process is systematic and focused. It is a personal result of the accumulation of knowledge, acquisition of skills and development of skills. All this forms the processes of cognition, a certain picture of the world and determines in each case the development of education.
A person who has an idea of how to properly approach the study of phenomena and facts, and also provided that he can put his knowledge into practice (that is, he knows how to think, analyze and compare) in his everyday activities, is considered educated.
To summarize all of the above, education (the essence of education) seems to be a clearly planned and organized process. And its result is the transfer of experience, knowledge, skills from one generation to another. It affects the very formation of personality.
The development of education (as a process) is observed systemically:
- first, a certain experience goes through the stage of assimilation;
- then awareness takes place and certain behavioral patterns are formed;
- necessary qualities are brought up;
- after that, development (physical and intellectual) reaches the implementation stage.
This all referred to a large-scale, global approach to the process of education. Now we’ll “approximate” it by the example of education in Russia.
General education
Under the general education in our country is meant such a directed and compulsory process of personality development (according to the basic general educational programs), as a result of which knowledge, skills and abilities are acquired, as well as the competencies necessary for society are formed. All this leads (at least, it is supposed that this should lead) to the awareness of the choice of a future profession.
Then, professional education is comprehended and implemented. The essence of education is this.
Constitution of the Russian Federation: Article 43
The basic law of the state characterizes the educational process. As stated in it, general education is compulsory, publicly available and free of charge. It can be obtained at state or municipal educational institutions under the basic general education programs. Since the child has access to this process since childhood, its receipt is ensured and controlled directly by parents or by officially responsible elders.
Levels and forms of education
Since September 2013, the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” has expanded the framework of general education that the school provides. Education, which is received at this educational institution for 9 years, is now defined as an incomplete secondary education, and after 11 years of education - full secondary education.
Currently, the following levels are defined for general education in Russia:
- preschool (this level reflects the innovation);
- initial;
- basic general;
- average total.
In Russia, there are also various forms of education, that is, various opportunities for obtaining and mastering training programs. Among them, full-time, evening (part-time), part-time, as well as the form of family education are distinguished. All of them have fundamental differences from each other.
Innovations in the educational process
The list of textbooks used in the educational process within the walls of the school since January 2015 has also undergone changes. The Ministry of Education and Science of our country enacted order No. 1559 of December 8, 2014 stating that now one of the criteria by which the manual will be included in the federal list of textbooks will be the availability of an electronic version. The content, structure and design of the computer analogue should correspond to the print edition.
Another innovation in the schools of our country is the introduction from September 2015 of the mandatory study of a second language (choice is provided).