Words with suffixes -ek - / - ik- always cause a lot of questions among schoolchildren. Moreover, not every adult knows in what cases this or that morpheme is written. That is why we decided to devote the presented article to this topic.
General information
What are the 2 words with the suffix -ik-. It should be noted that this is not difficult to do, but only if you know the basic rule of the Russian language, which explains the spelling of the letters “and” and “e” in this morpheme. After all, some people constantly make the same mistakes, and instead of “key” they write “key”, instead of “bush” - “bush”, “ball” - “ball” and so on. That is why the school curriculum pays special attention to this topic.
When should I put the letter “and”?
And what words with suffixes -ek - / - ik- do you know? These include the following: sofa, granddaughter, son, brick, peas, knife, pencil, bell, leaf, lump, malleus, flower, leaf, bush, light, whistle, stems, key, boy, nose, cucumber, stool, finger , a piece, a little face, a pouch, a ball, a scarf, a pie, a bridge, a fist, an airplane, a cog, a bow, a rain, a nut, a garden, a kitten, etc.
As you may have noticed, each word mentioned with the suffix -ik raises great doubts about its correct spelling. After all, this morpheme is in an unstressed position, and therefore it is impossible to determine which vowel must be placed at the end - “and” or “e” (and, perhaps, “o”?). That is why we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the relevant rules of the Russian language.
Basic rule
A word with the suffix –ik– should be written only if, when declensing, the vowel letter “and” is preserved. For clarity, we give specific examples:
- pencil - pencil;
- sofa - sofa;
- cucumber - cucumber;
- kalachik - kalachika;
- bush - bush;
- nose - nose;
- highchair - highchair;
- finger - finger;
- a little face - a face;
- the boy is a boy;
- key - key;
- ball - ball;
- airplane - airplane; Ica;
- leaf - leaf;
- screw - screw;
- bow - bow;
- bridge - bridge;
- brick - brick;
- rain - rain;
- kindergarten - kindergarten, etc.
When should I put the letter "e"?
About how to check a word with the suffix –ik–, we described a little higher. However, it should be noted that in the Russian language such lexical units are often found that have the morpheme –ec–. And in order to make sure that the letter “e” is actually written in these words, they are also recommended to be declined. If it is fluent (that is, it falls out), then only the suffix –ek– should be set.
Here are some good examples:
- bell - bell;
- grandson - grandson;
- little light - little light;
- peas - peas;
- knife - knives
- lump - lump;
- whistle - whistle;
- malleus - malleus;
- leaflet - leaflet;
- nutlet - nutlet;
- son - son;
- stems - stalk CHKa;
- a piece - a piece;
- pouch - pouch;
- flower - flower;
- handkerchief - handkerchief;
- pie - pie;
- kitten - kitten and so on.
As you can see, it’s quite easy to determine which word is written with the suffix –ik–, and which one with the suffix –ek–. By the way, such morphemes in Russian are called alternating. Unlike immutable ones, their spelling depends on certain situations (in this case, on the preservation of the vowel when declensing a word).
Nouns with the suffix –––
Above we examined words with the suffix –ik–. –Ok- is also a morpheme of nouns. However, during word formation such a suffix is not in doubt. What is the reason for this? The fact is that the presented morpheme almost always occupies a shock position. As a result, the letter “o” in the suffix ––– is heard as distinctly as possible. For clarity, we give a few examples:
- cam;
- wolf Wolf;
- son;
- a hammer;
- arrow;
- cockerel;
- FoolOK;
- the shore;
- chalk;
- connoisseur;
- snow;
- hook;
- Teremok, etc.
––– and ––– suffixes after nibbling consonants
You know what words with the suffix -ik-, -ek- and -ok- exist. However, a new question arises here: "In which cases in the last two morphemes after the sizzling should the letter" e "be put, and in which -" o "?" It is quite difficult to determine how it will be right: a cockerel or a cockerel. What is the reason for this? The fact is that during the pronunciation of such lexical units both the letter “e” and the letter “o” after hissing consonants are heard as [o].
The rule of spelling of the vowels "e" and "o" after hissing
If the suffix after the hissing consonant is stressed, then only the morpheme -ok- should be written. Here is a good example:
- the shore;
- cockerel;
- cam;
- wolf Wolf;
- peasant;
- wolf Wolf;
- old man;
- wormOK;
- boot;
- FoolOK;
- bounce;
- KosyokOk;
- son;
- snow;
- hook and others.
As for the suffix -ex-, it is put only in those words in which the stress does not fall on it, and if such a lexical unit loses a vowel letter during declension.
For clarity, we give an example:
- knife
- ORESHEK
- granddaughter;
- POT;
- bell ringing;
- lumps;
- hammer;
- eyeglass sheet;
- little light;
- whistle
- son Ochek;
- color of glasses;
- stalk
- a piece;
- SAC;
- ravine;
- handkerchiefs;
- pies
- kitten and others.
Ways to form words using the suffix ––––
How are such words formed? Nouns with the suffix –ik - / - – arise by adding a morpheme to the word’s base. As a result, we get a new lexical unit, but in a diminutive sense (for example, a sofa, a lump, granddaughters, a leaf, a malleus, a bell, etc.).
As for the suffix -ok-, it gives slightly different meanings:
- The diminutiveness, accompanied by the expression of endearment (we give an example: a gull, a brother, a son-in-law, a mushroom, a leaf, etc.).
- Action (we give an example: a yawn, a throw, a kick, a throat, a jerk, a smear, a jerk, a jump, a slap, a jump, a click, a clap, etc.).
- The subject, or rather the result of the action (we give an example: a shred, a motor-boat, a stump, a sketch, a dash, a print, a stitch, a settlement, a settlement, etc.).
- The subject, or rather the instrument of action (we give an example: a whistle, a bell, a horn, etc.).
- The subject, or rather the subject of the action (for example, a float, engine, sprout, etc.).
- Place of action (skating rink).
- Diminutive or affectionate meaning (for example, Ninok, Vitek, Lidok, Igor, Sashok, etc.).
- The person who performs the action (e.g., rider, eater, shooter, player, walker, etc.).
- A person who arises as a result of an action (for example, a child, geek, overgrowth, undergrowth, adolescent, etc.).
- Persons characterized by quality, which is enclosed in a motivating word (for example, ancestor, offspring, etc.).
- An object characterized by a sign, which is called an adjective by a motivating name (for example, game, squirrel, yolk, etc.).
- A substance that is named by a motivating noun (e.g., small).
- A unit that stands out in nouns and designates a group of identical objects. Moreover, there are exactly as many of them as the motivating name is called numeral (for example, five, ten, etc.).