Reduced hemoglobin affects both the appearance and the internal state of a person. The reasons for its decline may be different, and the consequences cause serious harm to the body. A disease in which the hemoglobin level is below normal is called anemia. It proceeds with varying degrees of difficulty, but is successfully treated at any stage. In the article, we will consider why hemoglobin drops to 90 g / l and how to cope with this situation.
What is hemoglobin and its norm?
The blood contains red blood cells and white blood cells, which play an important role in the body. Red blood cells deliver oxygen to organs, saturate them with blood and remove carbon dioxide. White blood cells are responsible for immunity and protect the body from factors negatively affecting health.
Red blood cells contain iron-containing protein - this is hemoglobin. It is thanks to him that the blood has a red color, this is explained by the biological interaction of iron ions and oxygen. With its deficiency, organs are deficient in oxygen, which is fraught with the occurrence of health complications and a decrease in hemoglobin to 90 in women, men and children.
There are indicators of normal hemoglobin levels, they differ depending on the gender and age of the person:
- For men, the norm is considered a value from 130 to 170 g / l, with a significantly lower or greater indicator, it is necessary to undergo a course of therapy.
- For women, borders of 120-150 g / l are considered the norm.
- Hemoglobin in children is calculated differently than in adults, its norm in newborns, children of preschool and school age has different values.
After surgery, major blood loss, during the period of gestation, after childbirth, hemoglobin is calculated based on the data below.
How is the analysis given?
Since low hemoglobin is manifested by numerous symptoms, an analysis that determines its level is prescribed very often. If the results of the analysis showed a decrease in hemoglobin to 90 g / l, then a person will be offered hospitalization for the purpose of examination, treatment and observation.
For the correct calculation and determination of accurate indicators, it is necessary to pass an analysis, observing the following conditions:
- surrenders to an empty stomach;
- the last meal should be no later than 8 hours before going to the laboratory;
- allowed to drink still water.
If an analysis for glycated hemoglobin is prescribed, then eating, drinking and physical activity are allowed, since they do not affect the results. The exception is medications for diabetes - they distort performance. For the reliability of the data of their reception, if possible, it is necessary to avoid.
During a general blood test, a sample is taken from the finger. It takes no more than 2 minutes and is almost painless. Within an hour or 2-3 days, depending on the speed of service, a result is issued that indicates the number of leukocytes and red blood cells, ESR and the level of hemoglobin. A more detailed analysis indicates a white blood cell count, sugar level and other indicators.
Symptoms and causes of decline
If hemoglobin decreases to 90, there may be several reasons:
- age-related features, an insufficient amount of trace elements comes from food;
- unbalanced diet or frequent / prolonged diets;
- chronic infectious processes in the body;
- upper respiratory tract infections, flu;
- blood diseases;
- autoimmune diseases;
- the period of pregnancy and lactation, when the body needs an increased amount of trace elements and vitamins;
- stress
- smoking, drinking alcohol;
- the presence of parasites in the body;
- donation.
Low hemoglobin is manifested by dystonic and asthenic symptoms. The first of them include:
- unnatural hair loss and slow growth;
- an increase in body temperature for no apparent reason;
- pigmentation on the nail plates, as well as their delamination, deformation, brittleness;
- small ulcers in the corners of the mouth, causing discomfort;
- dry skin;
- a sudden desire to eat chalk, clay, coal, raw meat or other unsuitable foods;
- desire to inhale a sharp chemical smell, for example, paint, solvent, acetone.
Asthenic symptoms include:
- low pressure;
- rapid pulse;
- fainting state;
- dizziness;
- worsening of well-being, weakness, lack of sleep, fatigue.
Effects
Lowering hemoglobin to 90 in women, men and children can aggravate existing health problems or cause new ones.
Among the consequences are:
- The development of varying degrees of anemia.
- Decreased immunity and the body's defenses, against which colds and infectious diseases develop.
- In children, academic performance and concentration are reduced, the growth and development of mental abilities is delayed, increased fatigue is observed.
- Decreased performance.
- Change in body tissues.
- Poor functioning of organs.
- The development of heart disease. Since the heart does not have enough oxygen, it works in an enhanced mode, which often leads to the development of cardiomyopathy. The heart misses 2 times the blood norm, over time, left ventricular hypertrophy occurs.
- The load on the liver increases, which leads to its increase.
- Swelling of the extremities.
Why does hemoglobin decrease in women?
After passing the analysis, the doctor explains why hemoglobin decreases to 90, what does this mean for a woman and what measures should be taken.
The main causes of anemia lie in the female passion for diets, decreased activity, an unbalanced diet, and a constant desire to lose weight.
In addition, a sharp decrease in hemoglobin can be caused by heavy and prolonged menstruation, which, in turn, indicate stomach problems or gynecological diseases. Iron deficiency can be caused by various neoplasms that occur in the reproductive organs, such as myoma or cysts.
The result of the analysis with an indicator of 90-100 g / l may indicate an inflammatory process in the woman's body. With these values, the doctor will prescribe a diagnosis in order to identify the cause.
Hemoglobin at a level of 100 g / l is also not the norm and, as a rule, is detected in mature women. Its main causes are the existing chronic diseases and weakened immunity.
During pregnancy
Especially dangerous is a low hemoglobin index - up to 90 - during pregnancy. Lack of oxygen leads to the development of various pathologies, fetal hypoxia, increases the risk of dysfunctional delivery and miscarriage. The immunity of the expectant mother is reduced, while the likelihood of viral and bacterial diseases increases.
If hemoglobin drops below the level of 86 g / l, a pregnant woman is prescribed immediate medical treatment. Abnormal glycated hemoglobin indicators indicate possible pathologies in the body, including developing diabetes.
Iron deficiency anemia can be caused by a lack of an element that comes with food or the following factors:
- hormonal imbalance;
- taking antibiotics;
- a small period of time (less than 3 years) after a previous pregnancy;
- intestinal dysbiosis;
- diarrhea
- psycho-emotional disorders;
- existing chronic diseases.
Decrease in an indicator at children
The hemoglobin level of the child is calculated based on his age. Hemoglobin 90 in a child of the first days of life most often indicates a lack of iron in the mother’s body during the period of gestation. Also, anemia of a baby can be a consequence of a woman's illness or if the pregnancy was multiple.
During the first months, the hemoglobin level of the newborn decreases - this is considered the norm. However, if he has reached the level of 86 g / l, careful monitoring is established for the baby, often the reason lies in insufficient nutrition, then artificial feeding is introduced into the diet of the newborn.
The norm of hemoglobin of a child up to 12 months is 100-140 g / l. With a lower value, the baby does not receive oxygen, and growth and development begin to slow down.
For a teenager, the normal rate is 120-160 g / l. It should be noted that childhood anemia negatively affects the digestive organs, brain activity, vascular state and growth.
Decreased hemoglobin in men
A decrease in hemoglobin to 90 in a man does not always lead to health complications and can occur for various reasons. For example, during sleep, hemoglobin is always reduced, and after waking up, it rises to normal levels.
Most often, anemia in men is indicated by an unbalanced diet, a lack of an active lifestyle, an ecological situation, and a rare stay in the fresh air.
Less commonly, this condition is provoked:
- slagging of the body;
- poor metabolism;
- blood diseases;
- neoplasms;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
- frequent donation.
How to increase hemoglobin?
If a drop in hemoglobin to 90 g / l is noticed, then it is worth listening to the doctor's recommendations and starting treatment.
The main therapeutic and preventive measures are the saturation of the diet with iron-containing products. It is necessary to observe a diet, eat healthy food, do not snack on the go.
In the case of mild anemia, the attending physician will prescribe a diet that uses foods high in iron.
In more advanced cases, medication is prescribed. If the indicators do not normalize within a week, then the doctor will offer to undergo treatment in a hospital, where a person will be monitored around the clock. With hemoglobin below 90 g / l, a red blood cell transfusion is prescribed to rapidly increase the rate.
Among other things, it is necessary to change the way of life, try to move more, visit the air more often, and walk.
Preparations
The use of any medications must be agreed with the attending physician. Given all the individual characteristics, possible allergic reactions, the doctor will prescribe the most effective drug with a precise dosage.
The most popular hemoglobin-enhancing drugs include:
- Maltofer.
- Ferrumlek.
- "Hemobin".
- Totem.
- Fefol.
- "Hemofer."
Liquid iron preparations are better absorbed and tolerated by the body. In tablets, they can cause bloating, flatulence, and constipation.
The course of treatment is prescribed by a specialist, its timing directly depends on the severity of the disease. Sometimes ten-day therapy is enough, in difficult cases, the reception is longer and combined with diet.
What to eat
With a decrease in hemoglobin to 90, what to do next and how to eat, says the attending physician. Periodic examinations are also prescribed to monitor the indicator.
With low hemoglobin levels, it is highly recommended that you pay attention to your diet. Food should be more balanced and varied, include as many foods high in iron as possible.
Iron-containing products include:
- Meat: beef, lamb, rabbit meat.
- Eggs: quail, chicken.
- Nuts: walnuts, forest, almonds.
- Fruits: quince, persimmon, pears, apples, pomegranate.
- Vegetables: beets, carrots.
- Greens: parsley, dill, spinach.
- Cereals.
- Beans
- Berries
It should be clarified that calcium impairs the absorption of iron, therefore it is impossible to consume iron-containing products along with dairy products, it is better if they are taken at different times.
Any disease is easier to prevent than to cure. Regular walks in the fresh air not only prevent the reduction of hemoglobin to 90 g / l, but also contribute to deep sleep, have a beneficial effect on the nervous system and metabolism. Good nutrition improves overall health and prevents the development of numerous diseases.