In the article, we consider what this means - the prothrombin according to Quick is increased.
Modern medicine makes it possible to conduct research of high accuracy, helping to diagnose serious pathological diseases in the early stages. One of them is the analysis of prothrombin by Quick in the blood. What are the goals of conducting such a study? What are its results evidencing?
Below, the norm of the prothrombin index and prothrombin will be given.
The properties
Prothrombin is a complex protein that is actively involved in the process of blood coagulation. The biosynthesis of a protein molecule is carried out in the liver. Such a complex process requires many trace elements, requires a greater proportion of vitamin K. It was proved that a deficiency of the latter synthesizes abnormal molecules that can form blood clots - deadly blood clots that impeded normal blood flow. The main property of prothrombin is the normalization of blood coagulation. It is for this purpose that a coagulogram is used, which allows you to establish the presence of blood pathologies in patients. Thanks to the prothrombin index characterizing the level of blood coagulability, it makes it possible to obtain a detailed idea of a particular disease. Prothrombin is sometimes called laboratory analysis, but these concepts must be differentiated. Prothrombin analysis allows you to calculate the rate of blood coagulation, and directly prothrombin is involved in such a process.
If the prothrombin is increased according to Quick, what does this mean, not everyone knows.
Indications for analysis
The specialist can prescribe such a blood test of the patient for coagulation in the following cases:
- in the presence of bleeding disorders, which are characterized by prolonged bleeding;
- with a decrease in the efficiency of liver enzymes and the liver itself;
- when controlling blood coagulation during the use of anticoagulants;
- with suspected presence of oncological blood pathologies in the body.
There are other indirect indications for such a blood test, determined individually for each patient. The analysis is most often carried out for women whose age is from 45 to 60 years. The structure of the blood, its qualitative and quantitative characteristics change against the background of hormonal changes.
During this time period, the woman’s body is especially exposed to the development of cancer, which such a study will help diagnose.
What is it - prothrombin according to Quick, the doctor will tell.
Study preparation
Blood is taken before 11 o’clock in the morning. The most accurate results are observed when performing an analysis on an empty stomach. It is important to prepare for the study by following these recommendations:
- refuse 2-3 days before the analysis of fatty fried foods, spirits, which additionally load the liver;
- the patient should give up smoking three hours before the blood test, since nicotine can cause a sharp decrease in the prothrombin index;
- if necessary, the constant use of drugs from their use should be abandoned six hours before the study;
- limit physical activity causing fatigue;
- blood sampling is not recommended for women during the menstrual period, when blood in the body is updated;
- during pregnancy, the results of the study will also have their own errors, the norm shifts by several points.
Blood taken from a vein is placed in a test tube with saline. Then the tube is placed in a centrifuge, waiting for the plasma to separate. The latter is further examined in more detail.
When the prothrombin according to Quick is raised, what this means is of interest to many.
What studies help establish prothrombin?
There are several forms that allow you to determine the degree of prothrombin:
- Prothrombin according to Quick is the most accurate and popular method for analyzing blood plasma for coagulation; the result obtained is the percentage that reflects the activity of the plasma prothrombin complex over a certain period of control plasma. In other words, the proportion of plasma activity by the time of its coagulation in the control sample of the material is prothrombin according to Quick. PTI, PTV will be described below.
- The prothrombin index of INR, i.e., the International Normalized Ratio, is a relative analysis that does not have ultra-precise indicators. Effective in a situation where you need to constantly monitor coagulation during therapy with a person with indirect type of anticoagulants.
- PTI, or prothrombin index. Its results are opposite to the analysis indicated above, making it possible to establish the proportion of normal prothrombin time to the indicators of the diagnosed patient. This study is outdated, as there are many of its analogues that have more accurate data.
- PTV, or prothrombin time, is a numerical indicator that displays the rate of blood coagulation.
The rates of prothrombin, index and time are given below.
It is necessary to take into account that the INR study is relative, because it allows you to get only indicators of the prothrombin index of the analyzed blood sample to normal generally accepted values. INR is not always assigned as a routine examination. It is most often used by WHO experts who work in the microbiological industry. The INR values are somewhat at variance with the Quick results, however, the meaning of the analysis is similar. The Quick study provides advanced results. This analysis can be done in the presence of errors, since its high accuracy allows you to set prothrombin time and the index is more accurate.
Consider the indicators and rate of prothrombin according to Quick.
What are the indicators of analysis?
It has already been said that the Quick analysis makes it possible to determine two significant indicators: prothrombin time - the time in seconds for which prothrombin proteins can act on plasma coagulability; prothrombin index - a value that is calculated by the proportion of the normal indicators of prothrombin time to the data of the patient's test material.
The prothrombin analysis according to Quick helps establish the prothrombin index and time by constructing a control graph showing the percentage of coagulation indicators over two hemostasis phases.
The indicators of the norm of prothrombin according to Quick, PTI PTV
It must be borne in mind that the decoding of this study can be individual in each laboratory. It depends on such parameters as: norms established individually; equipment modernization and reagent quality; the specifics of the patient's history (the use of antibiotics, anticoagulants and other drugs that affect indicators). The results of the study are presented in the form of a graph with the display of control points, which show the degree of blood coagulation at a certain time.
The age standards are as follows:
- from birth to six years - from 80 to 100%;
- from six to twelve - from 79 to 102%;
- from twelve to eighteen - from 78 to 110%;
- from eighteen to twenty five - from 82 to 115%;
- from 25 to 45 - from 78 to 135%;
- from 45 to 65 - from 78 to 142%.
For women and men, almost identical indicators, they depend for the most part on the presence of a particular pathology in the patient, and not on gender. Prothrombin time normally ranges from nine to twelve seconds. This time is considered optimal, characterizing blood coagulation.
What is the rate of prothrombin index for women during pregnancy?
In women during pregnancy, a mandatory study is a coagulogram containing a mandatory item - prothrombin time or prothrombin index. If they are higher or lower than normal, then this is the reason for a more detailed examination and hospitalization of the patient. Typically, in women during pregnancy, the prothrombin index is in the range of 85-152%.
Features of decoding: what does deviation from the norm indicate?
When the results of a study are higher or lower than generally established norms, this means that there are certain violations in the body. Typically, the decryption is provided to the person in the form of a table, which indicates not only the percentage, but also the reasons for the deviations in the values. A low prothrombin index indicates such violations: vitamin K deficiency; malfunctioning of the pancreas and liver; prolonged use of drugs that affect blood coagulation.
So, the prothrombin according to Quick is below normal, what should I do?
Below normal
It should be noted that a low prothrombin index becomes a provoking factor for the appearance of bleeding. The risk of severe bleeding with a fatal outcome is higher, the lower the rate.
Signs of a low prothrombin index may be values characteristic of diseases of the digestive tract and liver. In this case, weight loss, weakness and a change in taste buds are observed. However, the most important indicator is heavy bleeding with a small cut. In the presence of abrasion on the elbow, a person can lose blood in an amount of 300 ml if he has a low prothrombin index.
What does it mean if prothrombin is increased according to Quick?
Above norm
If in decoding, on the contrary, the indicators are higher than normal, this indicates such health problems: high content of an active coagulation inhibitor - heparin; increased synthesis of vitamin K; thrombophlebitis and thromboembolism; heart problems (pre-infarction and heart attack); the formation of malignant neoplasms.
It should be noted that an increased value indicates too much blood viscosity, as a result of which its transport and throughput are reduced. Any violations of the norm should be investigated in detail. An increased or decreased indicator of prothrombin is the reason for undergoing a comprehensive examination to identify the real causes of violations.
PC study during pregnancy
During pregnancy, a coagulation test is necessarily prescribed to women as a necessary analysis, which is part of the coagulogram along with the coagulation index. Thanks to the decoding of the analysis on the PC and the coagulation index, the doctor will be able to well monitor the patient's health and avoid many serious complications.
Is the prothrombin decrease normal for Quick?
I must say that during pregnancy in a woman, the PC norm is slightly lower due to the formation of a new circle of blood circulation from her to the child. In addition, a higher than normal level helps prepare for severe blood loss during childbirth. With increased PC during pregnancy, severe bleeding during childbirth, including internal bleeding, can develop. Inattention to such an indicator can cause hemolytic shock. From this violation, the percentage of deaths during childbirth is higher than for other reasons. If the indicator is below normal, coagulants are prescribed. During pregnancy, a decrease in PK threatens the patient with blockage of blood vessels, thrombosis and related complications. Doctors in such situations most often prescribe thinning agents - anticoagulants (Warfarin).
We examined the decoding and values of the prothrombin norm according to Quick.
What to do?
If the analysis indicators deviate slightly, the specialist can prescribe a special diet with a high content of fruits and vegetables to the patient. In addition, you need to drink at least two liters of water every day, so that the body has the opportunity to control the production of prothrombin itself. The prevention of bleeding refers to the rejection of a large number of medicines, as well as the intake of decoctions of the following medicinal herbs: tansy, nettle, yarrow.
Conclusion
Thus, the study of prothrombin is necessary and important, it helps to establish the rate of blood coagulation. If the decoding has serious deviations, this indicates a health problem that needs to be corrected.
If the prothrombin according to Quick is increased, what this means is now clear.