Nutrients (root dressing of grapes) under the bush must be laid when planting it. At the bottom of the planting pit with a diameter and depth of 80 cm, a shovel of wood ash or 400 g of
double superphosphate is poured out
, grass compost is added with a layer of 15 cm. For the root system of the grape bush, two opposite conditions must be taken into account. First: the roots do not need to be deepened by more than 30-40 cm. Then they will warm in time in the spring and will not delay the development of the vine. Second: the roots must have a large supply of moisture, which is possible only at great depths. Therefore, for watering and applying liquid top-dressing of grapes, you need to prepare like this: from a special perforated
drainage pipe with a diameter of 10 cm and a length of 2.5 m, a ring is laid on the bottom of the pit. One end of the pipe is closed tightly. A plastic tube with a diameter of 10 cm and a length of 50-60 cm is inserted at the other end, which extends to the surface of the earth. Around the pipe, drainage is made from a layer of coarse gravel, rubble or expanded clay 10 cm thick. Rods, fragments of slate are placed on the drainage layer so that the drainage does not float with the ground. The pipe is in a fabric cover, which prevents siltation of the holes with soil. The purpose of the complex drainage device is clear: watering and top dressing the grapes will be brought to deep roots, which stimulates the growth of the bush. The upper "dewy" roots of the plant in the absence of watering from above will be weak, which will reduce the likelihood of weakening of the plant in the winter. Also, air will flow through the pipe over a large area. A 20 cm layer of earth is poured into the pit and a seedling is placed on it. Fill the pit to the top with earth. It is important to straighten all the roots and direct them in depth.
Proper watering
Grapes are abundantly watered 2-3 times during the summer. The first time is at the beginning of the growing season before the eyes open. It will be great if the first watering is done with melt water. The next plentiful watering is before the beginning of the coloring of the berries. If the weather is too dry, you can water it well during the growth of berries. You can not water the grapes during the flowering period, this will cause the flowers to fall. Watering is stopped 3 weeks before the harvest, so that the skin on the ripening berries does not burst due to excessive moisture, and the vine has time to become rough (ripen). In the fall, water-loading irrigation is carried out, abundantly and deeply wetting the soil. Watering is combined with top dressing.
Grape top dressing
If organics and mineral fertilizers are introduced under grape seedlings , the planting pit is filled with fertile soil, then for several years they will need only regular liquid top dressing. From organic fertilizers: slurry, chicken manure, wood ash. Preliminarily, a mullein or chicken droppings are fermented for 10 days in a barrel, then the slurry is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10 and the solution is poured into the drainage well, a bucket for each bush. This fertilizer containing nitrogen is used from spring to mid-summer.
Feeding grapes with ash is carried out in spring and autumn. In the spring, ash is introduced into the soil around the bush. For this purpose, it is necessary to make pits 20-30 cm deep, pour ash in them and cover them with earth. Above the soil, sprinkle abundantly with ash and mulch. 2 kg of ash are enough for one adult bush. In the fall, with water-loading irrigation, 4 buckets of water are poured under the bush, and in the fifth, 300 g of ash are dissolved and poured under the grapes. It is good to carry out
foliar top dressing with ash. To do this, dissolve the ash in water in a ratio of 1: 2 and leave for 2 days, stirring occasionally. Drain, filter and add 2 volumes of water to the solution. Spray leaves on both sides. This top dressing will also be a protection against fungal
diseases of grapes. Mineral fertilizers are applied as a solution during irrigation and only in drainage wells. Spring dressing: nitrogen 20 g, phosphorus 30 g and potassium 15 g per bucket of water under each bush. After the grapes bloom and before the ripening of the grapes, mineral top dressing is done: 10 g of potassium salt, 145 g of ammonium nitrate and superphosphate 25 g are dissolved in a bucket of water, the solution is poured into a drainage tube. To feed the plant with calcium, lime is needed - 150 g per bush. In the fall, apply to the soil to a depth of 20 cm, in spring - to a depth of 5 cm.