For those children who find it difficult to learn due to existing health problems, there are special educational institutions or correctional classes open in a regular school. Here you can write a child with a disability or developmental delay. The main purpose of such institutions and classes lies in the social adaptation of pupils and their integration in society.
If the child is soon to school ...
Caring parents understand that their child lags behind peers in development already in the first years of his life. This becomes especially apparent by the age of six. A child who is lagging behind in development has poor speech and a low level of intellectual abilities. Sometimes such children do not even know how to hold a pencil in their hands. Not only for teachers, but also for parents, it becomes obvious that such a child needs to attend a correctional class. This will allow him to adapt to life in social and physical terms.
Where are specialized classes created?
The process of educating children with an existing developmental delay can be organized in any educational institution. For those who do not know what a correctional class is at school, it is worth explaining that children from special groups of preschool institutions enter it. Moreover, enrollment is possible only with the consent of the parents, according to their written application.
Correctional class, as a rule, is opened at the initial stage of the school curriculum. Moreover, it continues to function until the receipt of an incomplete secondary education. To work with children in the staff of the institution are specially trained teachers. In addition, the school should have scientific and methodological literature, as well as the material base corresponding to the direction of the class. All this will allow to organize the educational process, as well as provide therapeutic and preventive support to these special children.
Correctional classes in schools open according to the order of the director. At the same time, there must be a conclusion from the psychological-medical-pedagogical council of the school on each of the children, as well as the psychological-medical-pedagogical commission of the district.
Who is admitted to the correctional class?
Special training in a comprehensive school is provided to children who experience certain difficulties in obtaining knowledge, as well as poorly adapted in the team. As a rule, such students manifest mild disorders in the work of the brain, central nervous system, as well as a lag in the emotional-volitional type.
Children with severe developmental disabilities are not admitted to the correctional class opened at a comprehensive school. This may include:
- gross violations of hearing, vision, motor forms and speech;
- mental retardation;
- pronounced violations of collective communication in the form of early autism.
Convert to a regular class
Children enrolled in a special program have the opportunity to receive knowledge together with their peers. To transfer to a regular class, a child needs to have a positive development dynamics. In addition, he must successfully master a special program. This translation is possible with the appropriate decision by the psychological, medical and pedagogical consultation, as well as with the consent of the student.
Mode of work and rest
For students in correctional classes, work in the first shift is considered the most appropriate. At the same time, their daily routine is set taking into account low working capacity and fast fatigue.
For children attending grades 1 through 3, additional holidays are introduced. These children are allowed to rest in February for seven days.
The benefits of specialized training
Correctional classes in schools have a population of seven to fourteen students. With a larger number of pupils, a rate should be allocated for another teacher. In this case, an additional correction class is formed. A small number of children allows you to pay maximum attention to each of them.
The positive side of this class is that work with students is carried out not by ordinary teachers, but by defectologists. This specialty is taught at universities. Teachers-defectologists are called upon to work with children who have difficult medical diagnoses. These teachers can find the key to even the most difficult children.
Speech therapists are involved with students who attend correction classes in schools. If necessary, such training is carried out individually. Psychologists work with children attending correctional classes. If necessary, these specialists advise parents.
The program for the correctional class takes into account the fact that special children are engaged in it. It includes the simplest exercises and tasks. This allows the child to move up the learning ladder gradually, with microscopic steps. In other words, such a special program keeps up with the slow development of the student.
Cons Correctional Learning
One of the main problems of the special class is the association of children with dissimilar medical diagnoses and with various psychiatric and psychological problems. There is no universal program for everyone. Often in such children there is a lag in one subject and giftedness in another. So, a child may be at odds with mathematics, but at the same time draw like a real artist, write crookedly, but have the ability to speak foreign languages (unfortunately, they are not provided for in a special program).
Children from families that are socially disadvantaged are often sent to the correctional class. Such children, deprived of parental care, at first really lag behind in development. However, with intensive training, they quickly catch up. As a result, these healthy children become bored of studying at a slower school curriculum.
Graduation of correction classes
Special education is divided into eight types. For education, children are sent to them in accordance with medical diagnoses. The following types of correction classes are available:
- I - for hearing impaired and deaf children;
- II - for the deaf and dumb;
- III and IV - for the blind and visually impaired;
- V - for stuttering and children with speech impairment;
- VI - for students with mental and physical development problems;
- VII - for children with ZPR and ADHD;
- VIII - for the mentally retarded.
Special classes of types I and II
They open up for the education and training of hearing impaired children. These special correction classes are intended for the formation of verbal speech of students on the basis of auditory-visual perception, for compensation and correction of possible deviations in mental and physical development. Teachers aim to prepare such children for an independent life. What is the difference between these correction classes? The work program of the general educational process is designed specifically for deaf children. The occupancy of this class is up to ten people.
Special classes of types III and IV
They are created for training, education, as well as the correction of deviations in children with existing visual impairments. Children with strabismus and amblyopia can be accepted into these types of correction classes.
The main task of teachers is the formation of compensatory processes in students. To do this, not only group, but also individual lessons are held to further develop the tactile and visual perception of the delivered speech, social orientation, physiotherapy exercises, and rhythm. In the process of training in such correctional classes, children develop communication skills.
For the development of the school curriculum, pupils with low vision are provided with special equipment and tiflopribor. The education of such children is based on the Braille system. The teacher uses non-standard teaching materials, as well as specific visual aids. All this allows us to somewhat expand the scope of accessibility of the information presented.
Special classes of type V
They are created to educate and educate children with severe speech pathologies. In parallel, the necessary assistance is provided to eliminate existing diseases and related features in mental development. With a positive developmental tendency for a child, he can be transferred to a regular class. However, for this it will be necessary to obtain the conclusion of the psychological, medical and pedagogical commission.
Correctional class 5 of the type provides for primary general education for 4-5 years. The standard for general basic education is a six-year period.
The first, initial stage of training provides for the correction of various speech defects. These include violations of the pace of speech, sound pronunciation and phonemic hearing, as well as deviations in the mental development of the child associated with these pathologies. Pupils are taught the skills of normal conversational speech, the correct grammar of statements and expand the supply of their vocabulary.
At the second stage of receiving education in children, the development of full-fledged written and oral transmission of information, which allows them to easily engage in society. The maximum occupancy of class 5 species is 12 people. Correction of existing violations is made not only at lessons, but also at various events.
Special VI classes
Children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system are trained in them. In such a special class, the tasks of complex correction of speech, cognitive and motor sphere of pupils are solved. The purpose of this training is also the social and labor adaptation of children to society. The maximum number of people with whom the teacher must deal must not exceed ten.
Special classes of type VII
They are designed to educate children with mental retardation. The main signs of this pathology are expressed in weak attention and memory, as well as inadequate mobility and pace.
When visiting such classes, children are provided with the normalization of the emotional-volitional sphere and mental development. The pupils are forming the skills necessary for the educational process, and cognitive activity is also activated. The occupancy of this class is 12 people. At the same time, children are provided with speech therapy help.
Special classes of type VIII
They are created with the aim of educating children with mental retardation to eliminate developmental disabilities. Correction classes of 8 types are designed for socio-psychological rehabilitation of the child. This will allow him to integrate into the life of society as painlessly as possible in the future. The maximum occupancy of this class is 8 people.
This training ends with certification by work. Such an exam includes questions of materials science and manufacturing technology.