Labor is the basis, the source of existence of society and each person individually. But the individual is not born with this conviction and with ready-made labor requirements and skills. Attitude to work is formed in childhood and adolescence due to the educational efforts of adults. And this is also their great pedagogical work, requiring special knowledge.
Why are we working
Labor is one of the types of human activities whose purpose is the creation of material, spiritual, and cultural values. Attitude to work determines the degree of prosperity and psychological balance of the individual.
The social position of a person depends on how he works. Conscientious useful work at all times respected and highly valued, even if it is aimed at achieving their own well-being. A materially independent person is self-sufficient and does not require help and care from society. Often wealth and proper education push him to charity.
Successful work provides the means to satisfy spiritual, aesthetic needs: man does not live by bread alone. The acquisition of works of art, art, sports, travel - the possibilities of satisfying such needs are higher for those who work hard and conscientiously.
I want - I work, I want - I am lazy?
Labor and social relations provide scientific progress, technical improvement of production. The economic power and independence of the state directly depends on the efficiency and consciousness of its citizens. This, in turn, stimulates the development of important areas of life - social, labor and labor relations.
A person consciously chooses a profession and masters theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the process of training.
The horizons of independent and creative activity, new relations in the sphere of labor are opened before him, that is, he develops as a person, grows into public life, the needs for recognizing him as a full member of society are being met.
Thus, to work or not to work is not a personal matter. What is his attitude to work, this is to the state as a whole. It is interested in the fact that the activities of its citizens in any field are conscious, constructive, focused, useful to society.
Types of work
It is possible to determine the type of specific labor by various indicators:
- In content - mental or physical. It can be professional, complex, simple, reproductive (copies existing methods and ways of working), creative (innovative).
- By nature - concrete, abstract, collective, individual, private, public, hired.
- According to the results - productive (production of material objects) and intangible (creation of non-material, spiritual objects, for example, music, songs).
The type of activity can also be determined by such indicators as relations in the world of work, the method of attracting an employee (voluntary or forced), by the means used (manual, mechanized, automated), and by lead time (day, night, shift, schedule).
When choosing a field of activity, one should carefully analyze the content, nature of labor and labor relations, correlate their own intellectual and physical abilities, temperament, desires, prospects, ambitions with them.
What are professional requirements?
Each profession requires the employee special qualities, without which he will not be able to work productively. In some cases, he must be sociable, socially active (doctor, teacher, social worker), in others physically hardy, brave (astronaut, military, pilot, driver). General professional requirements for all employees:
- the presence of knowledge, skills appropriate to the nature and content of labor,
- conscious attitude to work, readiness for self-improvement in the chosen profession,
- responsibility, honesty, initiative, willingness to work creatively and for the public good.
A professiogram is a document in which the requirements for an employee are fixed, which he must meet in order to practice a specific type of labor. They relate to the level of training, the volume of professional knowledge and skills, personal qualities, psychophysiological capabilities.
The concept of professionalism
Professionalism is a high level of attitude to work, skill and excellence in the chosen type of occupation. It is formed in the course of training and practical mastery of labor operations, a creative approach to solving complex problems.
At all times, a professional, a master of his craft enjoys great respect. His job is permanent employment in the field that has become his profession. He deeply understands its significance and social value, possesses the necessary and highly developed skills, and strives for their improvement.
Professionals often become formal or informal mentors for young professionals.
Parenting tasks
The purpose of labor education is to raise a person who is ready for work and labor relations, who has an internal need to be diligent, conscientious, and responsible. It combines the social and personal interests of the development of the future worker. Its implementation is carried out by both the family and educational institutions at various levels, starting from kindergarten. As well as public organizations and cultural institutions.
The family is the first step in the education of the child's working qualities. It continues in kindergarten, and then at school. Given the age of the child, adults together and gradually solve such problems on the way to the goal of labor education:
- Develop respect for work.
- Formation of motivation for a good pastime, self-criticism, truthfulness, focus.
- Formation of the desire for self-service, mastery of labor skills.
- The development of interest in the labor sphere, familiarization with various types and forms, diversity and characteristics of professional activities.
The solution of these problems encourages children to consciously choose a profession, which largely determines what attitude to work they will form. And his well-being in the future depends on this.
Forms of organization of educational work
The individual form is most often implemented in the form of instructions - caring for the inhabitants of the living area, partial or full cleaning of the room, helping an adult or a friend, preparing the material for the lesson for everyone, etc. Instructions can be given for short or long periods, taking into account age and already skills available to the child. The obligatory stage is a clear briefing, an explanation of the purpose and meaning, the progress of the work, showing the ways of implementation. And at the end - a performance report, analysis and quality assessment, promotion.
Older children can independently outline a plan for the execution of instructions, choose a tool, set deadlines, evaluate their work. This accustoms them to independence and responsibility.
The unification of children in small groups (teams) of 2-3, 5-6 or more people for joint work contributes to the formation of the ability to work together, distribute responsibilities among themselves, coordinate actions, provide assistance to each other, objectively evaluate the results of their own and common work.
The composition of the group can be formed at the request of children. A teacher, taking into account specific educational tasks, can give special tasks to its individual members: to teach an inexperienced comrade how to do work, to prepare a tool for everyone, etc.
The collective form accustoms pupils to cooperation, obliges to put common interests in the first place, develops altruistic feelings, humanism, reveals individual creative abilities. Landing on or off the school grounds, preparing events for calendar events (making gifts and a concert for residents of a boarding school for the Day of an Elderly), organizing handicraft exhibitions - the choice of a specific event depends on the purpose and objectives of labor education, the opportunities and needs of the social environment . But in any case, it should be a useful, memorable experience of collective labor for each of its participants.
Methods and techniques of labor education
One of the most effective pedagogical methods is to demonstrate to a child patterns of adult actions in combination with explanations: what, why and how to do it. Showing actions and explanations can be multiple. Namely - until the pupil has formed sufficient independent actions.
Evaluation, analysis of the work performed by the child, praise and censure should be objective, respectful, businesslike, sincere. It must be emphasized how useful his work was for other people.
Familiarization of children with professions can occur in the process of thematic conversations, meetings with specialists, reading, field trips to various institutions, and examining equipment and tools. Films, materials from the media are used.
Education of attitude to work should not be theoretical. The methods of organizing the practical activities of children are diverse: manual labor, art, contests, crafts exhibitions, joint activities, collective classes, promotions, patronage, duty.
Of special interest in children are events held in educational institutions with the participation of parents, for example, the competition "Our Family is the Most Skillful and Creative", community work days on improvement and cleaning of the territory.
Is it possible to easily get a fish out of a pond?
The history of the development of society and the history of the lives of individual citizens say that you can live well for some time without working. However, all of them end sooner or later deplorably: parasitism - by poverty and vagrancy, robbery and theft in all its forms - prison, predatory wars - defeat. A person’s attitude to work is a measure of his moral health and attitude both to himself and to society as a whole.