The concept of the organization of the production process implies methods for the selection and combination of production elements in time and space in order to achieve an effective end result. Thus, the organization of production is a system of measures whose purpose is a rational combination in space and time of the basic material elements and people who are involved in the production process.
Organization of production is based on the following basic principles:
-specialization, which is characterized by a limitation of the range of products of the same name and the mass production thereof;
-continuity; its purpose is to increase the time of the process of processing the subject of labor, and reduce the time it is in anticipation, reduce breaks;
-proportionality, which consists in achieving a relatively equal volume of output and volume of work for a certain period of time in all the main and auxiliary divisions of the enterprise;
- coherence, with its help provides the shortest distance when moving objects of labor in the production process;
- rhythm, which involves the regular repetition of the production process through equal periods of time;
-flexibility, which makes it possible to quickly switch to the release of new products.
Organization of production, as a science, originated only a little over 100 years ago. During this time, she had periods of stagnation and rapid rises. But so far, the scientific organization of labor has not been unambiguously defined in the research literature. The organization of production in time and space is sometimes considered by some scientists as different, unrelated processes.
In the 60s and 80s of the last century, various definitions of this science were formed, which can be divided into two options:
-science that studies the manifestation and operation of objective economic laws that are reflected in the production and economic activities of the enterprises studied;
- the rational combination of the basic elements of production in time and space for various purposes.
Already in 1956, in the USA, as a unique official definition, the formulation was adopted that the science of the organization of production is studying the design, improvement and practical application of integrated circuits, which include people, equipment and materials. In the course of further study of this science, it was revealed that the organization of production and entrepreneurship have as their goal the consideration of various multifaceted tasks.
A comprehensive review of these tasks allows us to resolve the issue of what production managers and managing managers must do to successfully manage the enterprise. Indeed, in order to be able to carry out successful external maneuvers, there must be a clear picture of the state of domestic production, its current and future opportunities, which can be actively used to achieve the goals.
Practice shows that the organization of production, even at sister enterprises, usually encounters solutions to specific and unique problems that arise. In particular, they include tasks on the efficient use of labor and equipment, provision of materials and raw materials, the best use of production facilities, improving the quality and improvement of the range of products, mastering the production of new types of products.
All these tasks can be solved only in the aggregate of all the studied factors, since all of them together make up the production process. If the managing manager acts on one of the elements of the system, then this immediately affects the state of other subsystems and elements included in the system.