How to determine the conjugation of a verb? This is one of the most problematic issues in the modern school course in Russian. Even for excellent students with “innate literacy,” defining the conjugation of the verbs “want” or “have” is a difficult task. The situation is especially complicated when a minimum of time is allotted to recognition (in control works).
The verb plays a huge role in the functioning of the language. The range of actions that he designates is truly enormous. You can name at least five semantic groups of actions covered by the semantics of the verb.
- Labor activity: sewing, knitting, digging, chopping, etc .;
- Speech and mental activity; decide, speak, imagine, observe, think, etc .;
- Designation of spatial movements and positions: sit, lie, stand, fly, walk, etc .;
- The designation of various conditions, including the state of a person: to sleep, to hurt, to hate, to love, to be sad, etc .;
- The designation of the states of nature: it dawns, dusk, rains, grows light, etc.
The verb is extremely expressive and capable of conveying subtle nuances of action. For example, to denote speech, a series of synonyms can be used, each of which expresses its own, special meaning: to speak - to express thoughts out loud; communicate - talk about something specific; to express - to communicate your opinion.
Illiterate use of the verb leads to confusion, which provokes the loss of meaning in speech and language. For example, mistakes in personal endings when changing a verb threaten with a misunderstanding of what they have read and heard.
The Russian language would not be itself if its rules were not accompanied by numerous exceptions. Conjugation laws contain a number of such exceptions, without knowledge of which it is impossible to talk about literacy.
How to determine the conjugation of a verb according to the rules without exceptions and with them?
The verb changes in numbers and persons, that is, it is conjugated. Changes do not apply to imperative and conditional mood verbs .
The Russian verb has two conjugations. If their attributes differed only by the rules without exceptions, the answer to the question - how to determine the conjugation of a verb would look like this.
Conjugations are distinguished by vowels in the personal ending. For this, the verb must be used in the third person. Its plural will show the required attributes:
- first conjugation:
- second conjugation: -at (s)
For instance:
- “Sing”, “protect”, “call”, “pour”, “blossom” - the first conjugation ;.
- “Hang”, “sleep”, “sit”, “lie”, “burn” - the second conjugation.
However, this recognition method is suitable only for those verbs, when changing which the personal ending is stressed.
How to determine the conjugation of a verb if the stress does not fall on the personal ending? A separate recommendation comes into effect here.
You should use the verb in the infinitive. Then the suffix distinction takes effect:
- All verbs with the suffix –and (t) (“wet”, “walk”, “salt”, “catch”) - the second conjugation.
- An exception ("to lay down", "to shave", "to stay" and "to swell") - the first conjugation.
How to determine conjugation if, in the process of changing a verb, its personal ending remains unstressed, and in the infinitive there are –e (s) and –a (t)?
In this case, we can confidently say that we are talking about the first conjugation.
There are eleven exception words from this rule, which, despite the suffixes –e (s) and –a (s), belong to the second conjugation. For the convenience of memorization, a quatrain is composed of these words, giving the rule a humorous connotation:
Drive, breathe, hold, hurt,
Hear, see, hate
And watch and twirl
And depend, and endure!
Finally, how to determine the conjugation of the verbs "run", "want", "honor", representing an independent group in the language?
To do this, you need to know that these verbs are called disjointed and vary simultaneously in the first and second conjugations.
Want, want, want, want, want, want, want, want;
Run, run, run, run, run, run, run, run;
To honor, honor, honor, honor, honor, honor, honor and honor.