Doctor of Medical Sciences - honorary academic title. It is awarded only to well-deserved workers in the industry, who have achieved considerable success not only in practical medicine, but also in research and solving complex medical issues.
Who is awarded the degree?
The title of Doctor of Medical Sciences is the highest step for scientists both in the USSR and in Russia. It follows immediately the title of candidate. In domestic universities, his award is a prerequisite for becoming a professor. Without this, it is impossible to take part in the corresponding competition.
In Russia, this degree is awarded by the Presidium of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Federal Ministry of Education and Science. First of all, it is evaluated how the defense of the doctoral dissertation went.
In this case, the applicant for a degree, a doctor of medical sciences must already have a candidate's degree.
In a doctoral dissertation, theoretical provisions must be developed that can be qualified as a serious scientific achievement. Or, with their help, it is possible to solve a major scientific problem that is of great importance, a lot of scientific work must be done. A doctor of medical sciences can obtain this status only after defending his hypotheses in front of an authoritative audience.
In the Russian Federation, a doctor of science can be found in 23 branches of science, ranging from medicine and biology to architecture, philosophy and jurisprudence.
How many doctors of science in Russia?
Over the past 20 years, the number of doctors of sciences in Russia has increased significantly, more than those to whom medicine owes its development. Doctors of medical sciences deservedly receive this title. If in 1995 there were less than 20 thousand, moreover, there were more than 116 thousand researchers with advanced degrees, today, with a decrease in the total number of holders of scientific degrees (there are just over 100 thousand), there are more doctors of sciences - 25 s an extra thousand people.
That is, if before every sixth researcher with a scientific degree was a doctor of sciences, today every fourth. It should be noted that only those involved in scientific research are classified as such, so the real number of scientific doctors in Russia is even greater.
Doctor of Science Abroad
It is impossible to say unequivocally to what academic rank the Russian doctor of medical sciences abroad is. The requirements and characteristics of doctoral degrees vary widely in different states.
At the same time, our country has signed agreements with some countries on the mutual recognition of documents confirming academic degrees.
For example, in 2003, such an agreement was concluded with France. According to him, the Russian candidate of medical sciences is compared with the French doctor of sciences. The doctor of medical sciences at the same time, according to the documents, has no corresponding analogue.
A similar agreement has been concluded with Germany. Only here it is supplemented that the Russian doctor of sciences corresponds to the German academic qualification Habilitation.
In Germany, the recognition of academic degrees is the responsibility of the ministries of land.
Famous Russian medical scientists
Doctors of sciences are many among different medical specializations. But perhaps most of all among cardiac surgeons. These doctors immediately every day fight for the lives of patients, their work will directly depend on how the fate of the person will develop and whether it will develop at all.
The most prominent Russian cardiac surgeon, MD, professor Renat Suleymanovich Akchurin. Today he works in the Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex. He received the title of doctor back in 1985.
He trained in the best clinics in the United States, primarily known as a specialist who develops advanced areas of medicine that few people do at all - reconstructive and vascular cardiosurgery, performs unique plastic microsurgery operations.
Thanks to more than 300 scientific publications in authoritative Russian and foreign medical journals, he received the title of Doctor of Medical Sciences. Moscow brought up not one famous doctor, because it is here that the strongest domestic medical universities are located.
In Russia, he is known primarily as one of the co-authors of unique techniques for transplanting the toes to the hand, the most complicated operations to restore a person’s hand. He gained the greatest fame in 1996, it was he who was entrusted with the operation on the heart of Russian President Boris Yeltsin. Coronary bypass surgery was successful, the politician led the country for another four years after treatment.
Siberian doctors
There are unique doctors not only in the capital, but also far beyond its borders. For example, this is Alsu Nelaev - an endocrinologist, doctor of medical sciences. In Tyumen, he is a key specialist in his field.
She defended her doctoral dissertation in 1997. The focus is on the study of diabetes and vascular complications after surgery. Actively engaged in scientific work. Under her leadership, already 5 researchers have received the title of candidate of medical sciences. So far, only one doctor has graduated.
Moreover, Nelaeva not only devotes herself to teaching, but also continues to engage in medical practice. Under her leadership, the Tyumen Endocrinology Dispensary operates.
Another major specialist from this Russian region is Irina Vasilievna Medvedeva. She is also an endocrinologist, MD. In Tyumen, he is the rector of the State Medical University.
Her specialization includes dietetics, nutrition and feeding of newborns, which previously did not attract the attention of major scientists.
She defended her candidate and doctoral dissertations with Professor Krylov, who was also interested in these topics. She is recognized as a talented Russian scientist; today, under her leadership, a school is working in various areas of therapy. Much attention is paid to nutritional regimes in various diseases.
The author of thousands of scientific papers
One of the most famous surgeons in Russia is Igor Khatkov. Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor.
In the capital, he heads the clinical research and practice center, which in the past specialized exclusively in gastroenterology. Today the center is engaged in various medical areas. Khatkov Igor Evgenievich, Doctor of Medical Sciences, also heads the Department of Surgery at the Moscow University of Medicine and Dentistry. Moreover, the university prepares not only dentists, but is also one of the best universities in the country, which train specialists in the field of "General Medicine". In addition, this is another of the oldest medical universities in Russia, most recently celebrated its 90th anniversary.
Khatkov himself comes from the Saratov medical school. He defended the thesis on the topic related to the treatment of surgical pathologies, and received his doctorate for work on the prevention of complications in laparoscopy. This is a modern surgical method in which all operations are performed through minimally small incisions. While in surgical practice, doctors are used to making incisions much more.
One of his authorship of more than a thousand scientific works. Since 2014, he has been seriously engaged in oncological problems, due to the fact that this disease has recently become extremely popular in Russia.
Pediatrician from God
It is so often called another famous doctor, a graduate of the Saratov Medical Institute. Nikolai Romanovich Ivanov - MD, from the mid-60s until the end of his life, he headed the department of childhood infectious diseases in a Saratov university. For almost 30 years, from 1960 to 1989, he directed this educational institution.
A strong research scientist who devoted his scientific research to sepsis, acute intestinal infections and immunoprophylaxis.
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Ivanov, was born in the Penza Region in 1925. He entered the medical institute during the years of World War II, in 1942.
He defended his first scientific work, the Ph.D. thesis, with Professor Zhelyabovskaya for the diagnosis and treatment of typhoid fever in patients who received the vaccine. He devoted most of his life to the study of infectious diseases in children. He studied various diseases - measles, diphtheria, scarlet fever, polio and many others.
Of particular interest are his studies on the early prevention of infectious diseases. The practical result was the development of a number of recommendations for vaccinating children and adults against plague and cholera, which was especially relevant in those years.
Ivanov established criteria under which measles and mumps vaccination is most effective. Staphylococcal infection has been thoroughly studied. Methods for the prevention of acute intestinal infections in children and adolescents have been developed.
It is his merit - the foundation in Russia of the national school of pediatric infectious disease specialists. He was the supervisor of the defense of more than 40 dissertations, of which almost half were doctoral. All of them are devoted to urgent problems of infectious diseases, not only in adults, but also in children.
Ivanov also became a mentor for hundreds of graduates of the Saratov Medical Institute, whose rector worked. During his leadership of the university, the number of students doubled, 32 new departments were opened. Among them are neurosurgery, outpatient pediatrics, the first department of hematology in the Soviet Union. New clinics and dormitories for students were built.
Nikolai Romanovich Ivanov died in 1989 at the age of 64. He was buried in the city in which he spent most of his conscious life, Saratov.
Hematologist
One of the largest Russian scientists in the field of hematology is Andrei Vorobiev, professor, doctor of medical sciences. Born in 1928 in the capital.
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, head of the research institute of hematology and intensive care. The first head of the Ministry of Health in the Russian Federation. His main merits consist in research in the field of oncohematology, as well as radiation medicine.
Andrei Ivanovich's parents were Bolshevik revolutionaries with great experience. The ideas of Lenin were preached even before the October Revolution. At the same time, they were engaged in science and practical medicine. But even this did not save them from the Stalinist repressions. Father Ivan Ivanovich, who worked as a doctor, was shot in 1936, mother Mira Samuilovna was sentenced to 10 years of forced labor camps less than a year later. Pavel was 13 years old at that time.
During the Great Patriotic War he began his career, worked as a painter. In 1947 he entered the Moscow Medical Institute. After receiving a higher medical education, he began his career in Volokolamsk as a doctor at a regional hospital. Here he specialized in pathological anatomy, pediatrics and therapy.
Since 1956, actively begins to engage in science. He enters the residency of Professor Kassirsky and begins to seriously engage in hematology.
In this field, he is making serious progress. In 1971, he became the head of the Department of Hematology at the Central Institute for Advanced Medical Studies.
After the tragedy at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, Andrei Vorobyov became one of the main initiators of the creation of a government medical commission. The doctor of medical sciences, the professor himself entered into its composition and investigated the therapeutic consequences for the victims of the accident.
In the late 80s, a recognized specialist in the field of hematology throughout the country. Therefore, it is he who becomes the director of the corresponding institute, which is now transformed into a hematology center operating under the leadership of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Vorobyov left his high post only in 2011, when he was 83 years old.
In 1991, Andrei Vorobyov was appointed the first Minister of Health in the history of Russia. True, he did not work long in this post, a little less than a year, he was replaced by Eduard Aleksandrovich Nechaev.
Who invented swine flu?
Andrei Vorobyov’s namesake - Pavel Andreevich Vorobyov, MD, professor, is known for his original statements on the swine flu epidemic. He is the president of the Interregional Society for Pharmacological Research, so many people listen to his opinion.
In his opinion, swine flu is a disease completely invented by pharmaceutical companies. The purpose of all this hype is only one - to earn as much money as possible on speculating on this topic.
According to Pavel Vorobyov, a professor and a doctor of medical sciences, manufacturers of various drugs deliberately inflate hype in order to promote all kinds of vaccines and drugs against viruses. Moreover, in this chain everyone finds themselves in business and earning - public figures earn political capital, reporters make good money while they write about new sensational diseases, and doctors have something to treat patients with. One of the biggest problems of modern healthcare is fictitious disease.
Moreover, Vorobyov insists, the concept of “fictitious” should not be taken literally. These diseases exist, but their scale and consequences from them for people are significantly exaggerated. Sometimes they attribute to them extraordinary properties that they actually do not possess.
Outbreaks of mysterious and strange infections in recent decades appear more often. According to media reports, they had to take the lives of thousands of people. However, this does not happen, and against the background of such messages, pharmacological production is developing by leaps and bounds. And this is not only swine flu, but also mad cow disease, and bird flu, and SARS.
Unbelievable means are always allocated to combat them. We are talking about millions and billions of dollars and euros. Speaking specifically about swine flu, Vorobyov gives dry statistics. For example, last year, the share of swine flu among all viral infections in the world was no more than 5 percent. At the same time, disproportionately more funds were allocated to combat this disease than with similar ones.
So everyone should make a conclusion independently. But it is worth paying attention, if excessive attention of journalists, experts and pharmacologists is accentuated on any disease, then the probability is very high that the real problem is greatly inflated. In fact, everyone seeks only to get as much money as possible to combat this ailment.
The doctor who did not write a single prescription
That's what they say about the famous doctor Sergei Mikhailovich Bubnovsky. This is a person with a unique biography. When he was 22 years old, Sergei was in a serious car accident, survived a clinical death. However, despite the forecasts of doctors, he was able to stand on his feet and begin to lead a full life. After the accident, he seriously took up medicine, received a specialized education and developed his own medical technique, which he subsequently patented. Thanks to his technique, he got rid of crutches and today moves freely as a healthy person.
Doctor of Medical Sciences Bubnovsky - founder of kinesitherapy. This is an alternative method of treating chronic diseases, which consists in the fact that the main focus is not on medications, but on the internal reserves of the human body. Bubnovsky claims that if you learn to understand your own body, then you can learn to cope with almost any disease.
Doctors of medical sciences in Russia generally praised this practice. It consists in the treatment with the help of active and passive movements of the patient, and much attention is paid to therapeutic exercises. Bubnovsky has been mastering this practice for over 30 years.