Currently, a huge number of fruits are sold in markets and shops for every taste. Surprisingly, many of them are hybrids, which means that they were bred by breeders. The process of crossing can last more than one month or even a year, but as a result, people get new fruit hybrids that have excellent taste and benefit our health.
How does crossbreeding occur?
The hybridization process is aimed at creating new breeds of animals and plant varieties. In the latter case, the method of artificial pollination is widely used. For this, healthy parental organisms that are resistant to viral diseases and contain a large number of useful substances are selected.
Breeders collect pollen from a plant selected as the paternal organism. Anthers are knocked out of the buds and dried on paper. After they crack, pollen is collected and placed in clean glass bottles. At the same time, anthers are removed from the mother plant. The buds are covered with gauze so that the bees cannot pollinate the flowers. The resulting pollen is applied on the stigma of a pestle. If fertilization is successful, then soon a fetus with hybrid seeds is set. In autumn, they are planted in the ground and, if successful, the next year hybrid seedlings are formed, which contain signs of both parent organisms.
Pluot
In Russia, this hybrid is not very well known, but it is impossible not to talk about it. It got its name from the English names plum and apricot (plum and apricot, respectively). Pluot is more like plum, and the other hybrid of these two fruits - aprium - is very similar to apricot. The plot can be pink, green, purple or burgundy; the color of the pulp varies from white to rich plum.
The bred fruit hybrid was the work of California breeders. This happened in 1989, when employees of a local nursery called Dave Wilson Nursery decided to create their own fruit varieties. To this day, royalties are collected from the manufacturers of the plot, the amount of which is $ 2 per seedling (about 125 rubles). Currently, more than 11 varieties of plot are known. They are widely used in the food industry: desserts are made from fruits, tasty juice is extracted, and they are used in winemaking.
In fact, a pluot is not just a hybrid of fruits. This name belongs to the trademark, which sells products created on the basis of the work of American geneticist Floyd Seiger. The company "Pluot" produces the following hybrids:
- Apriom, bred as a result of crossing apricot and plum. He adopted most of the characteristics of the first fruit than the plum, which is why it got its name. There are 2 varieties of this fruit. The fruits are quite dry, not too juicy. They have wonderful taste, they come from a light orange flavor.
- Peachplum is a hybrid of peach and plum.
- Nectaplam, which has the characteristics of nectarine and plum.
Nashi
What fruit is a hybrid of pear and apple? These are the Neshes that were bred in Asia. Due to the fact that it was first grown in Asia, it is known under other names: water, sand, Japanese pear. In appearance, Neshes are difficult to distinguish from an apple. The peel can have a different color, starting with a pale green hue and ending with green. Inside, the hybrid looks like a pear: it is just as crispy and juicy. The advantage of Nesha over ordinary pears is that the fruit tolerates transportation better thanks to its hard peel.
The hybrid has excellent taste. It contains a large amount of water, so Nesha lovers recommend eating fruit fresh or adding it to salads. Heat-treated fruits give in poorly due to excess moisture. Often, fruit is served as an appetizer for wine. More than 10 varieties of Nesha are known that are cultivated in the USA, Chile, France, Australia, New Zealand and even in Cyprus.
Yuzu
Fruit hybrids, a list of which is presented in this article, often have unusual names. This feature is not spared, and the Japanese lemon, popularly referred to as "Yuzu," bred by crossing Ichanga papa and mandarin. The skin of the fruit may be yellow or green, it has a tuberous structure. The fruit emits a strong aroma. The hybrid is similar in size to mandarin. It tastes very sour, which did not stop the user from gaining popularity in Japan.
In the country of the Rising Sun, it has been widely used in the food industry since the beginning of the VII century. Later, residents of China and Korea found out about him. The zest of Japanese lemon is part of the popular Asian seasonings. With its help, prepare fish dishes, noodles and miso soup. All kinds of drinks, syrups, jams and various desserts are made on its basis. Yuzu juice is a great substitute for vinegar. It is added to ponzu sauce.
However, Japanese lemon is used not only in the preparation of dishes and drinks. Every year, December 22, the day of the winter solstice, residents of Japan take baths with the addition of yuzu juice. It is believed that this will protect them from troubles and drive away evil forces from homes. If, after water procedures, eat a little pumpkin, which also symbolizes the sun, then a person will not get a cold for a whole year. Pets can also be dipped in a bath with Japanese lemon juice. Residues of water should be watered plants located at home.
Grapefruit
Do you know the hybrid of which fruit is grapefruit? It was obtained by crossing oranges with pomelo, although the appearance of this hybrid was born without human intervention. In fact, the crossing occurred naturally, and the fruits were discovered in 1750 in Barbados by accident.
The fruits got their name for a reason, because they grow in large clusters. Because of this, grapefruit was given the name "grape fruit." The fruits may have a yellow, orange, reddish color. There are even varieties with white and pink peel! The color of grapefruit does not affect the taste of the fruit.
The hybrid is of great benefit to humans, because it stabilizes the metabolism and positively affects overall well-being. No wonder it is advised to eat if you want to get rid of extra pounds. In addition, red and pink varieties of grapefruit are characterized by a high content of vitamin A.
Agley
Some fruit hybrids are derived from existing hybrids. An example of such plants is agli, which was obtained by crossing tangerine and grapefruit. The fruits are quite large, wrinkled skin has a greenish-yellow color. The fruit pulp is very juicy and sweet. To a person who does not know that agli was created on the basis of grapefruit, it may seem that the fruits are hybrids of lemon and mandarin.
Grape
Some fruit hybrids were bred randomly; the creation of others required a lot of effort by breeders. So, scientists spent a lot of time working on growing grape. This fruit looks like a copy of an apple, and tastes like grapes. From these two plants it was also bred. It is larger than apples, the flesh is more sweet and crispy. Grape is not just a hybrid with good taste. Registered trademark of the same name.
Bloody lime
Bloody lime was obtained by hybridizing Ellendale Mandarin with finger lime. The fruits have an unusual color: the pulp, and peel, and blood-red juice, which gives the plant an unusual look. In truth, this hybrid fruit has a very sour taste, which not everyone will like.
Rangpur, or Limandarin
The hybrid variety was bred as a result of crossbreeding of lemon and mandarin. The name "Rangpur" he received in honor of the city in which it is grown. Located in Bangladesh. Fruit can be used instead of lime in the manufacture of many dishes. The fruits are not too big; they have a sour taste. Rangpur is a popular indoor plant in the USA, in other countries it is used as a stock.
Nectacotum
This fruit was obtained by crossing plums, nectarine and apricot. The skin is reddish-green, the flesh is light pink. The fruits are sweet in taste, professional chefs advise adding them to various salads.
Pomelo, or Sheddock
One of the most unusual hybrids is the pomelo. Its fruits weigh on average about a kilogram, and in the homeland, in the Philippines, they sometimes grow the size of a watermelon. What fruit was the hybrid pomelo bred from? It is known that when breeding this plant grapefruits and oranges were used.
A strong aroma emanates from the broomstick, which can be felt at a certain distance. The peel is moderately dense and shiny, there are no seals and growths on it. Ripe fruit has a uniform yellow or green color.
Pomelo has a beneficial effect on the state of the intestine. The fruits contain iron and potassium, which are necessary for the production of hemoglobin in the blood and stimulate the work of the heart. The fruit is rich in vitamins, so it can be eaten to prevent colds and cancer.
Oranzhelo
The rounded fruit is similar in size to grapefruit. The pulp is easily peeled from a shiny yellow peel. Inside, the fruit is divided into several parts, the number of which varies from 9 to 13. The flesh has a bright yellow-orange color. The fruit tastes a little sour, but not bitter. In fact, having tasted orange, one can easily understand that this fruit was derived from grapefruit and orange.
Nectarine
What fruit hybrid is everyone's favorite nectarine? Experts are confident that this fruit was obtained as a result of peach mutation by self-pollination, that is, it is not a hybrid. However, there is another point of view, according to which nectarine was bred as a result of crossing peaches with plums. Outwardly, the fruit resembles a peach, the main difference is that the nectarine has a smooth skin, there is no pile on it. The pulp is quite hard. Coloring varies from light yellow to cherry shades. The fruits contain a large number of vitamins and beneficial micro and macro elements, among them phosphorus, potassium, vitamin A.
Lemato
There are hybrids of fruits and vegetables, they are called lematos. The fruits of this plant are very similar in appearance to tomatoes, but they emanate the aroma of roses and citrus fruits, namely lemon. The skin is light red, as it contains a small amount of lycopene. The advantage of lemato over ordinary tomatoes is that less pesticides are used to grow them.
This unusual hybrid was developed thanks to Israeli scientists. They tried to prove to the whole world that the vegetable may have a fruity aroma, and they succeeded. An experiment was conducted, during which 82 people tried lemato. As a result, the majority of respondents, namely 49 respondents, preferred the hybrid. 29 people noted that a real vegetable does not compare with lemato. The remaining people found it difficult to choose.
Apricotin
What hybrid is a fruit with the same name? If you start with naming, you can assume that to remove apricotin, nectarine and apricot were crossed. Probably it is, because the fruit has a very juicy pulp, which is easily separated from the bone, like nectarine. The skin is smooth and soft. In the markets, they offer to buy fruit hybrid apricotin, which can not be said about nectakota: the first name is better known to domestic consumers. However, nectakot is a hybrid of the same fruits, but it looks more like nectarine. It has good taste.
According to information from Wikipedia, apricotin is a hybrid fruit. There is also the popular liquor of the same name. Prepare it from apricots or their seeds. The pulp drink tastes pretty sweet. It is used for desserts and other soft drinks. Liquor "Apricotin" on the stone base has a bitter almond flavor. In addition, the so-called liquor essence, which is used in the food industry for the production of caramel.