Surely everyone who studies at school knows how the dialect differs from other parts of speech. But, nevertheless, in some cases questions arise. In order not to make mistakes and correctly determine it, we will find out what distinguishing features an adverb has.
General information
As you know, in Russian all words are divided into certain groups according to their meaning, called parts of speech. Among them, there are independent, giving names, signs, actions to all objects. And another group - service, helping and serving the first.
The adverb, thanks to its features, is attributed to the independent parts of speech, since it carries the meaning of a sign of action. How is an adverb different from other parts of speech? The fact that it is very multifaceted. The number of questions answered by the dialect is difficult to calculate: they are so diverse.
The most common are: how (sad, difficult), where (in the distance, nearby), when (soon, in the summer), why (in haste, for good reason) and some others.
The most important thing that distinguishes an adverb from other parts of speech is immutability. For this reason, it has no endings, but it has at its disposal a whole arsenal of various suffixes.
Discharges
Thanks to adverbs, the Russian language is constantly updated with new words. Since they are often formed from adjectives and nouns, their number does not decrease, but increases over the years. What distinguishes an adverb from other parts of speech is the presence of categories. Undoubtedly, adjectives and pronouns are also divided into them. But the dialect has the most numerous groups.
This group answers the question "how?" and he will tell how the action took place: fun, hard-boiled, whitewashed, in our opinion. It, like a qualitative adjective, can form degrees of comparison - this is how an adverb differs from other parts of speech.
This category is considered the most numerous and often used in speech.
When do we answer the questions "where?" or “where?”, then, as a rule, we use the adverbs of the place: far, from below, above, near. Without these words, it is difficult to imagine our speech. Quite often, we need to indicate the direction or place where an action occurred. Then one cannot do without adverbs of this group.
Talking about when an event occurred, we will use this category to answer the question “when?”. Examples: soon, tomorrow, spring, now.
Explain why some action is performed using adverbs of purpose: specifically, why, in vain.
The words of this group will help to explain the reason for the events that took place: by surprise, by stupidity.
This category gives emotionality and amplification of the sign: very, much, twice.
Adverb Features
Distinguishing it is not always easy. He is often confused with other parts of speech. This is due to the presence of homonymous forms in many dialects. Consider an example:
1) The foreigner spoke poorly in our opinion.
2) In our opinion, this is not difficult to do.
How to distinguish an adverb from other parts of speech? To begin with, it is worth asking a question to the necessary word. In the first example: "spoke how?", In the second: "what opinion?"
Now, on a characteristic issue, we can safely say that the adverb is the word "in our way." In the second example, this is a pronoun with a preposition.
The next main difference between the dialects is the inability to bow and change. In this way, they are similar to the participles, which also have no endings, but only suffixes.
It is not difficult to distinguish them: adverbs do not denote an additional action, like adverb. They carry a shade of sign.
Adverb and Adjective
In order not to confuse these parts of speech, it is necessary to know their distinctive features.
Despite the fact that they have similar meanings (beautiful - beautiful, infinite - endlessly, wise - wisely), their roles are completely different. Adjectives describe or describe the subject, while adverbs perform a similar function, but with respect to the action. Therefore, the word “good” can be used only in relation to a thing or a person (a good sofa, a good child). We will say “good” when we describe someone’s action (done well, behaved well).
In addition, the difference between adverbs and other parts of speech is that they, like adjectives, can form degrees of comparison. In order not to confuse them, it is necessary to put the desired word in the initial form. For instance:
Our car is newer than the neighbor. What kind of car? - new, this is an adjective.
Today I ran faster than yesterday. Running like that? - quickly, this is an adverb.
Thus, by asking the right question for the right word, we can easily determine which part of the speech it is.
It must be remembered that both the adverb and the adjective, used to a comparative degree, will fulfill the same syntactic function - the predicate.
Status category words
Probably, these are some of the most difficult questions studied in the dialect course. This category is made up of words that carry the meaning of the state. What distinguishes an adverb from other parts of speech, and in particular from SCS, is not difficult to determine.
- State words usually end with the suffix –O: cold, bad.
- Unlike adverbs, which are usually circumstances, this group of words will always fulfill the role of the whole or part of the predicate.
- SCS always characterize the internal sensation of a person or the environment.
Again - the presence of homonyms is often confusing. Example:
The girl feels bad.
The student does not read well.
The state of a person is said in the first example, since it is about her health. The second example describes only the student’s skill.
Output
Now we can summarize how the dialect differs from other parts of speech.
- Possessing the necessary information, we will never confuse it with an adjective or participle.
- State category words are a special group that is very similar to an adverb, but carries a different meaning.
- This part of the speech has several groups of categories, and, therefore, a huge number of questions.
- In a sentence, circumstances will most often play the role of, more rarely, the predicate.
- A correctly asked question to the word is a guarantee that we will correctly determine the part of speech to which it refers.
We have presented the main points that reveal the difference between adverbs from other parts of speech. We hope our article will help you deal with the difficult tasks associated with it!