Human speech consists of words and sentences. They are pronounced, written and read. Without sounds and letters, it will not be possible to correctly compose phrases. To become a literate person, you need to know what fluent vowels are, how they change, what happens to the word.
Use in the Russian alphabet
Letters and sounds are closely interconnected. Letters see, read and write, sounds hear and pronounce. With the help of letters, thoughts are expressed graphically, with the help of sounds - acoustically. Phonetics is a section of the Russian language that deals with the study of sounds, their pronunciation and designation. Before learning the rules of spelling words, it is important to know what fluent vowels are, in which cases a replacement occurs.
Consonant sounds characterize the occurrence of obstacles in pronunciation. Vowels, on the contrary, are its absence. They are sung, stretched, chanted, with all the strength of the voice. The vowel and consonant make up a syllable. There can be one, two, three or more syllables in a word: door, mo-lo-ko, card. All sounds in Russian are divided into vowels and consonants. The first group is represented by ten letters and six sounds. There are letters that, depending on the location in the word, indicate one or two sounds.
The emergence of the runaway vowel rule
Fluent vowels are called because of their loss when a word is changed or appears in a word where they did not exist before. From the point of view of linguistics, vowels alternate with zero sound if a new word appears or the form of the former changes. This is illustrated by the following words: stump - stump, moat - moat. There is a fluent sound in different morphemes: in the root, suffix or prefix. This occurs in the noun:
- Masculine: town - town.
- Feminine: governess - governess.
- Second kind: the sun - the sun.
- Quality adjectives: hungry - hungry.
To understand what fluent vowels are, it is necessary to pay attention to the rule of arrangement of stress. If it falls on a vowel, it is read lingeringly with an accent. When absent - pronounced less clearly. That is, in an unstressed position the position is weak, in the shock - strong.
Runaway Vowel Forms
In modern Russian, using these sounds facilitate the pronunciation of several consonants in a row. This leads to the fact that the sound either appears or disappears. In writing, the rules will help prevent mistakes.
Spelling is found in nouns, adjectives and verbs. They differ in declension, number and case, have the suffix -ok, -er, -etz. For example, a bag - a bag, a sip - a throat, a sister - sisters, a duck - ducks, a ring - rings.
Finding out what fluent vowels are is easy. It is important to pay attention to the sound composition of words. Graphic recording is called transcription. Observe the basic rules:
- Softness is indicated by an apostrophe: [s] - [s'].
- Long colon sound: highway [shas: e].
Emphasis is also placed over the vowel sound. When the form of the word changes, a new one is formed. Sounds are also being replaced. This process is called interleaving. The replacement of sounds [o] and [e] occurs with zero. That is, in a word at the place of a gap, when a word changes, one of these sounds appears or disappears. Runaway vowels "o" and "e" pronounce in these words: sleep - sleep, town - town.
Examples of fluent vowels in various morphemes
In different words, fluency of vowels is observed. They are in one of the cases, in the singular or plural. Among the commonly used are such pairs: sleep - sleep, forehead - forehead, ice - ice, drop - drops, saber - saber.
Examples of fluent vowel words:
- Flax - flax.
- Plank - Plank.
- Jacket - Jackets.
- Fire is the fires.
- Day is days.
High-quality adjectives with fluent vowels are given as an example: funny - ridiculous, sad - sad, cunning - cunning. When new words are formed, vowels appear or disappear: a window - a window, a hundred - a hundred.
In some cases, the prefix ends in a consonant, and there are several of them at the root. Then, for dilution, a vowel sound is added to the prefix: rise - sunrise, drive away - drive away. Runaway vowels can be in the suffix. As an example, pay attention to the following words: hairstyle - hairstyles, petal - petals, frog - frogs.
Spelling rules in the roots
In the process of forming or changing words, one sound is replaced by another. The rules will help in the correct use of letters in writing and sounds in spoken language. This can be seen in the example:
- o / a: argue - dispute;
- o / e / i: collecting - collecting - collecting.
If sound appears in one morpheme and disappears in another, alternating with zero sound occurs. Runaway vowels at the root of the word appear or disappear: sleep - sleep, town - town. Sound is in forms where there is no ending. These words include: father - father, smart - smart.
Some words are on the list of exceptions. They must be remembered. Here the rule does not work, so instead of the letter "e" is placed "I" or "and": a hare - a hare, a beehive - a hive, a judge - judges.
Runaway vowels are found in stressed and unstressed positions. The rules of use will help to correctly write and express your own thoughts. Studying the production of fluent vowels is necessary for the declension of nouns and the preparation of sentences in various forms.