It's no secret that human speech is not only a way of communicating with each other. First of all, this is a psychophysical portrait of the person himself. By the way one or another person is expressed, one can immediately say about the level of their education, worldview, addictions and hobbies. The main period of the formation of correct speech occurs in preschool age. At this time, the child has an active knowledge of the world.
When to start?
Under the new standard (GEF), much attention is paid to the development of speech in preschool children. At the age of 3 years with normal development of the child in his vocabulary should be about 1200 words, and for a 6-year-old - about 4000.
All specialists
in preschool educational institutions (DOE) are working hard on developing the speech of their pupils. Everyone has one goal, but each uses his own methods, depending on the method chosen in the DOW. A particular methodology for the development of speech of
preschool children provides an opportunity for educators to take advantage of the successful experience of professionals working on this issue.
Who teaches children what?
If you look at the teacher’s diploma, and it’s about qualified specialists, then you can see such discipline as “theory and methods of development of speech of preschool children”. By studying this subject, a future specialist receives theoretical knowledge about the development of children's speech by age categories, and also gets acquainted with various methods of conducting classes in a preschool educational institution, respectively, for the age group of students.
Each person knows from the lessons of history how the speech of a person was formed. Its construction went from simple to complex. At first it was sounds, then individual words, and only then the words began to be combined into sentences. Every child goes through all these stages of speech formation in his life. How correct and literary rich his speech will be depends on the parents, educators and the society with which the baby is surrounded. The educator is the main model for the use of speech in everyday life.
Goals and objectives of speech formation
Properly set goals and objectives for the development of speech of preschool children help teachers to work on this problem as efficiently as possible.
The main
goal of the work on the development of speech of preschool children is the formation of the child’s oral speech and his communication skills with others based on the knowledge of the literary language of his people.
The tasks, the solution of which will help in achieving the goal, are as follows:
- fostering a sound culture of a child’s speech ;
- enrichment, consolidation and activation of the child's dictionary;
- improving grammatically correct speech of the child;
- development of coherent speech of the child;
- raising a child's interest in the word of art;
- teaching a child a native language.
The methodology for the development of speech of preschool children helps to achieve the solution of the tasks and achieve the final result of the goal when releasing the child from the Kindergarten.
Methods for the development of speech in DOW
Any technique, regardless of subject, is always designed from simple to complex. And it is impossible to learn how to perform complex tasks if there is no skill in performing simpler ones. To date, there are several methods for the development of speech. Most often, two methods are used in DOW.
Methods of development of speech of preschool children L.P. Fedorenko, G.A. Fomicheva, V.K. Lotareva provides an opportunity to theoretically learn about the development of speech of children from a very young age (2 months) up to seven years, and also contains practical recommendations for educators. This manual can be used not only by a specialist, but also by any caring parent.
Book Ushakova OS, Strunina EM "Methodology for the development of speech of preschool children" is a manual for educators. Here, aspects of the development of children's speech by age groups of a preschool institution are widely disclosed, the development of classes is given.
In these methods for the development of children's speech, everything starts with sound lessons, where teachers educate and monitor the purity and correct pronunciation of sounds. In addition, only a specially trained person can know at what age and what sounds the child needs to put. For example, you should try to start pronouncing the sound “p” only at the age of 3 years, of course, if the child did not find it earlier on his own, but this does not mean at all that no work has been done with this sound before. In order for the baby to learn to pronounce the sound “p” in a timely and correct manner, educators carry out preparatory work, namely, they do tongue gymnastics with the children in the form of a game.
The game is the main way to develop speech
In the modern world, the theory and methodology for the development of speech of preschool children say one thing, that the main way is playing with a child. This is based on mental development, namely the emotional level of development, if the child is passive, then he will also have problems with speech. And in order to induce the child to emotions, because it is they that serve as the impetus for speech, the game comes to the rescue. Items familiar to the baby become interesting again. For example, the game "ride the wheel." Here, at first, the teacher rolls the wheel from the hill, saying: "A round wheel rolled down the hill and then rolled along the track." In children, this is usually a delight. Then the teacher offers to ride a wheel to one of the guys and again says the same words.
Children, without suspecting it, begin to repeat. There are a lot of such games in the techniques for DOW, they are all diverse. At an older age, classes are already held in the form of role-playing games, here the communication is not a teacher – child, but a child – child. For example, these are games such as “mother-daughter”, “game in the profession” and others. The development of speech in preschool children in playing activities is most effective.
Causes of poor speech development in a preschool child
One of the most common causes of poor speech development in a child is a lack of attention on the part of adults, especially if the child is naturally calm. Most often, such children from a very early age sit in a crib or playpen, showered with toys, and only occasionally parents, busy with their own affairs, go into the room to see if everything is in order.
Another reason is also the fault of adults. This is a monosyllabic communication with a child. In the form of such statements as “step back”, “do not interfere”, “do not touch”, “give”. If the child does not hear complex sentences, then there is nothing to demand from him, he simply has no one to take an example to follow. After all, it’s not at all difficult to tell a child “give me this toy” or “don’t touch it, it’s hot here”, and already how many words will be added to his dictionary.
The fine line between the development of speech and the psychological development of the baby
If the above two reasons for the poor development of speech in a child are completely excluded, and speech develops poorly, then you need to look for reasons in his mental health. From a very young age to school, most children cannot think abstractly. Therefore, you need to teach your baby speech using some specific examples or associations. The methodology for the development of speech of preschool children is based on the studied psychological development of children. There is a very fine line between speech development and mental development. At the age of 3 years, the child begins to develop logic and imagination. And often parents are concerned about the appearance of fantasies, begin to accuse the child of lying. In no case do you need to do this, because the child can become isolated and stop talking. No need to be afraid of fantasies, they just need to be sent in the right direction.
How to help a child if speech is poorly developed?
Of course, each child is individual. And if a child by the age of four is expressed only in separate words, not even related to simple sentences, then additional specialists should be called for help. The methodology for the development of speech in preschool age provides for the inclusion of such specialists as a speech therapist and a psychologist in the educational process. Such children are most often identified in a speech therapy group, where they are involved with them more intensively. There is no need to be afraid of speech therapy groups, because how much joy a child will have when he can speak in a coherent and logically correct manner.
Parental ignorance is a source of poor development for children
The methodology for the development of speech of preschool children is a reference book not only for educators, but also for parents. Because the lack of education of parents leads to poor development of children. Someone requires too much from the child, while someone, on the contrary, lets it go by itself. In this case, close contact of parents with the teacher is necessary, it is even possible to conduct thematic parent-teacher meetings. It’s better to prevent mistakes than to correct them for a long time. And if you act correctly, jointly and in coordination, then the child by the end of the pre-school education will surely have an excellent literary speech with the necessary vocabulary, which in the future, at the next levels of instruction, will only become deeper and wider.