Learning to read and write is a basic skill that, unfortunately, not all people possess. The basics are laid at an early age and are reflected in adulthood. Children who missed the material face significant learning difficulties, as texts become longer and more complex in the future. How to increase literacy in the Russian language, identify violations and develop a child’s interest in learning? We offer a number of recommendations to solve the problem.
At what age to pay attention to errors?
A happy moment in the life of parents comes when the children pronounce the first word. Then the process of learning a language begins. True, some adults forget about the individual age characteristics of students and try to prepare them for school to the maximum, having previously learned to read, write and count. This method is incorrect, as elementary pedagogical rules are crossed out.
Researchers have found that the formation of the spelling process ends after grade 4. Consequently, intensive Russian literacy classes must take place before the completion of primary school.
Laying a strong base in education makes it easy to cope with tasks and avoid mistakes. Indifferent attitude or, on the contrary, totalitarian control of parents in education negatively affects the child’s desire to develop, putting a barrier to their improvement.
Causes of illiteracy: global context
Developed foreign countries, where people regularly attend school, motivated by the future opportunity to work with good income, also have their drawbacks. The first frequent obstacle to literacy development is poverty. Families with minimal incomes are forced to choose between the need for food, shelter and a school for the child. The second large-scale problem is the lack of support from relatives.
For example, children who take part in educational games and actively express themselves in the classroom are better prepared for reading and writing. The reason is the constant interaction with an impressive volume of words: orally or through a notebook.
There are a series of factors that adversely affect future adult literacy in Russian, putting it in a critical position:
- Lack of awareness. The disappeared interest in learning is caused by ignorance of the importance of attending classes.
- Lack of affordable educational institutions. Residents in remote areas face overcrowded facilities or lack thereof.
- Congenital impairment of written and spoken language. Diseases are associated with the central nervous system, sometimes accompanied by problems with motor and motor functions.
- Illiteracy among parents. Uneducated people often do not pay attention to education, even when they have children, considering it a pure formality.
- Social barriers. Some countries still operate according to a caste system that has banned female education.
Violation of the letter: dyslexia and dysgraphia
A common form of learning difficulty is a specific problem with perception, characteristic of elementary grades and students with a leading left hand. Correcting a complication in childhood is quite easy with the help of an experienced speech therapist, since it is primarily associated with the characteristics of the psyche.
Dysgraphia is a partial violation of writing. For example, students often get confused and write letters in a mirror image. The problem arises as a result of a distorted auditory-speech perception of oral sentences.
Dyslexia is detected during reading, where the child breaks the sequence of letters. Persistent, repeated mistakes do not allow students to write a good literacy test in the Russian language, which is why work with a specialist is required. It is necessary to use an individual approach to prevention.
Perception and provision of information
Man in his own way interprets data obtained from the external environment, relying on the senses. Some learn faster with the help of sounds, while others prefer to study objects with their eyes. The first step to how to increase the child’s literacy in the Russian language will be the recognition of the characteristics of thinking and the search for the most effective approach:
- Auditory perception. Information is acquired on the basis of sound frequency waves transmitted through the air. Children show abilities in listening, verbal answers, retelling.
- Visual perception. Interpretation and analysis of material through the eyes. Pupils quickly master the letter, copy lines and reproduce what they saw on the blackboard.
Focusing attention on the difference in processes during the supply of material will accelerate the path to the desired result.
Spelling Improvement Technique
An effective tool for teaching spelling will be the dictation of literacy in the Russian language. Speaking phrases at a slow and distinct pace, the child will focus all the senses on his voice, since the process does not include inventing the composition. Follow the tips while reading text or use a special video:
- Warn your child that you will only dictate sentences once.
- If the text contains a question or exclamation mark, highlight them with intonation.
- Increase reading speed when there are fewer errors in the notebook.
Regular exercises with dictations will help in the following:
- Practice new learned words in context.
- Verification of ownership of the template and rules.
- Identification of common mistakes.
- Apply old words in a meaningful way.
Check out loud
This method helps children develop a rich vocabulary, learn to process concepts and develop formal communication. If you read the written text to test literacy in the Russian language aloud, then the child can independently highlight the error in sound.
The page does not have to contain a dictation, but can be a book in the literary genre. Reading aloud forms a positive role model in children, a rich vocabulary, good grammar, expands interests and stimulates the imagination.
Love for school
The main mistake made by parents and teachers regarding the child is to restrict learning exclusively in the classroom. Undoubtedly, the school takes an impressive amount of time, but if adults want to increase the motivation of the student and learn how to increase literacy in the Russian language, then intellectual, social and academic growth should go beyond the premises.
Create an open atmosphere for dialogue, where all fears and antipathies will be expressed. Children feel self-confidence when they openly express an opinion about their educational experience without third-party condemnation and neglect:
- Encourage sincere communication.
- Focus on the interests of the child.
- Enter in-game training.
- Take time to focus on what he is studying.
- Help organize the day.
- Praise and celebrate achievements.
Fixing rules
An effective technique for mastering the material covered is the selection of exercises for literacy in the Russian language. For example, if a child makes mistakes in unstressed vowels in the root, you should collect a set of tasks or come up with them yourself. It is recommended to use assignments with errors, where the student must find the correct option from those provided.
The alternation of vowels and consonants is fundamentally the second common mistake encountered by schoolchildren. You can work through the main problems using the examples in the video.
Does the child not understand the function of the hard and soft sign? There are no rules in this regard. Therefore, we turn to a detailed assignment on the softness of consonants. To begin with, it is important to mentally put down the letters and carefully rewrite the sentences, pronouncing them in syllables, as they are better remembered. Turn the action into a habit so that in the future it helps to write a good literacy test in the Russian language.
Do it yourself
If during dictations children are focused on the sound of your voice, then when testing they rely solely on their own strengths. Teachers in schools alternate these methods among themselves in order to further formulate tasks for improving literacy in the Russian language and build lessons on them.
Regular repetition, fixing mistakes and their study are important for the complete disposal of them. Parents should be patient in explaining the rules, even if they did not so long ago. If you did not find a suitable test, then below is one of them with different rules:
Ways to develop spelling outside the school
The improvement of grammar skills is supported by various methods - from practical exercises to interactive computer games. The primary task is the child's interest in the process of completing tasks, without unnecessary worries. Below is a list of ways to improve Russian language literacy:
- Provide a choice. A decrease in the level of control and the only meaningful choice of a learning method emanating from a strict parent will negatively affect motivation and isolate from the thirst for development. Allow the children to choose extracurricular activities on their own, discuss them and listen to the views of the student.
- Encourage your child to write any text. Often when looking at a textbook with long sentences, students look for excuses to take up another job. Support them even if they decide to write a shopping list or a greeting card to friends.
- Enter a reward system. Create a special promotion board or buy stickers. When the children cope with mistakes or perform the test well, stick a bright piece of paper with the inscription "Best Writer" to provide moral support and inspire.
- Keep a personal or creative diary. Writing with dictation is not as pleasant as using the free writing technique. Children feel a personal space for self-expression, as their work is not evaluated.
- Pen pal. Excitement from messages or letters will help the child to think about his own writing skills, so as not to show himself in an unfavorable light, and will encourage him to work on errors.
The last stage: time fixing
The value of education cannot be underestimated. Some people like to think of him as a process of acquiring the abilities and experience that are important for future work. The learning process is not based solely on study, since going to school also plays an important role in the mental and social development of a person.
The methods provided helped to understand how to increase literacy in the Russian language, alternating regular classes, testing, reviewing the rules, interactive games and patience. The latter is the most important thing, because it is difficult to immediately become a genius at will. Long work, striving and working out the mistakes will yield the desired results over time, and the lessons learned will be remembered by a person until the end of his life.