It so happened that most adults and well-educated people believe that the concept of “vaccination” can only be related to children. False, vaccination in adulthood is just as relevant as in childhood.
ADSM - what is it
The letters ADSM have been familiar to us since childhood. What does ADSM vaccination mean? The interpretation for adults and children of the intended vaccine is the same. The abbreviation "ADS" means "Diphtheria-Stobnichny Anatoxin", the letter "M" means "small", that is, a vaccine with a reduced amount of antigens.
ADSM is a vaccine that is vaccinated against tetanus and diphtheria. ADSM vaccination for adults is just as necessary as for children, it protects against tetanus and diphtheria. The vaccine consists of purified, adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. Purified toxoid is processed, that is, weakened toxins of the pathogen, weakened just enough to not harm the human body and at the same time maintain the ability to stimulate the production of immunity.
The mechanism of action of ADSM
The ADSM vaccine for adults introduces weakened tetanus and diphtheria toxins into the body, retaining their immunogenic properties. Toxins cause specific antibodies to be produced by the body in response to their presence. They will subsequently destroy the causative agents of diphtheria and tetanus.
Figuratively speaking, vaccination is in some way similar to an erased, abortive, form of an infectious disease that does not pose a threat to the life and health of the vaccinee, but develops a stable protective mechanism for many years.
Indications for ADSV vaccination
ADSM vaccination for adults is given every ten years of life, namely, ten years after the previous vaccination, regardless of what age they are at the time of vaccination, and so on until death.
If the vaccination regimen was violated and the last vaccine was administered more than 20 years ago, a person is vaccinated twice, that is, again after an additional 40 days.
In the case when an adult is generally vaccinated for the first time in his life, the vaccine is administered three times. Re-vaccination of ADSM for adult primary vaccinated patients is prescribed 40 days after the first, and the third time the vaccine is administered only one year after the second.
In addition, there is an emergency vaccination of ADSM. It is carried out to traumatological patients if they have contaminated wounds, if the previous vaccination was carried out more than five years ago.
Elderly people especially need ADSV revaccination, as they have weakened immunity and increased susceptibility to infections. They should not neglect ADSM, referring to the presence of severe background diseases. In this case, the presence of a chronic course is an absolute indication for revaccination.
Contraindications to ADSV vaccination
There are conditions under which an ADSM vaccine is not given. Contraindications in adults relate to unvaccinated patients with severe immunodeficiency diseases, an allergy to the components of the drug, and a hyperreaction to a previous vaccination. ADSM vaccination is delayed in women during pregnancy and lactation. It is also tolerated for two weeks from the time of recovery in patients with acute respiratory diseases.
ADSM vaccination procedure
Anatoxin ADSM looks like a whitish suspension, it is separated during storage into a clear liquid and floc sediment. Therefore, before opening, the ampoule with toxoid must be shaken vigorously until the suspension is completely homogenized.
Often, disputes erupt on the network about where adults are vaccinated with ADDS. In disputes, sometimes notes of bewilderment are heard why one was vaccinated under the scapula, and the other into the buttock.
Anatoxin ADSM can be administered intramuscularly in the upper-outer gluteal quadrant, and in the anterior-outer part of the middle third of the thigh, and under the scapula. A single dose of toxoid is 0.5 ml.
Considering the possibility of developing immediate hypelergic reactions, the vaccinants in the office are monitored for half an hour after the injection. Vaccination rooms should be equipped with anti-shock medical styling.
Vaccination instructions
When vaccinating, the following rules are strictly followed.
Vaccination should be carried out with strictly sterile disposable syringes. Mixing different vaccines is not allowed. Simultaneously with ADSM, any vaccination can be administered, except for BCG, but each of them is administered with different syringes in different areas of the body.
Before vaccination, it is necessary to carefully examine the ampoule in order to verify its suitability. The vaccine is not suitable for use in ampoules with visible signs of damage, an erased marking, with obvious changes in its contents. Be sure to check the shelf life of the drug, compliance with storage conditions.
The vaccination procedure is carried out in full compliance with the requirements of asepsis and antiseptics. The opened ampoule is fully used and is not subject to storage. Information about the serial number, production date and date of vaccination are entered in the registration journal along with the passport data of the vaccinee.
Side effects
How hard is ADSM vaccine tolerated for adults? Reviews on the network about unpleasant sensations after vaccination are completely ambiguous. Someone did not feel anything, someone had a runny nose, and someone had a fever and felt very unwell, someone had a red and sore injection site, someone could not raise his hand because of pain. And in all cases, the cause was an ADSM vaccine. Adverse effects in adults (called vaccination reactions) are common with ADSM vaccination. They do not indicate the onset of the disease, but the development of immunity in humans. After a while, the side effects go away without consequences on their own. Indeed, one of the least reactogenic among vaccine preparations is precisely the ADSM vaccine.
Side effects in adults can occur in the form of general and local reactions. They, depending on the individual state of the human body, are light and heavy.
In the first 48 hours, a short-term rise in temperature and malaise, as well as pain, redness, swelling at the injection site, can be noted. A lump-shaped seal may appear, but it's not scary. She will resolve completely on her own within a few weeks. You need to know that this place can not be heated, as this can cause suppuration. Very rarely, severe allergic reactions occur.
For information, neither a mild nor a severe reaction to vaccination is considered pathological, as they do not have persistent health effects. Of course, subjectively, they are uncomfortable, but pass without causing any violations later.
Post-vaccination complications of ADSM
ADSV vaccination for adults gives complications very rarely, but according to statistics, they occur in two cases for every 100 thousand vaccinants. Post-vaccination complications of ADSM include:
1. Severe allergic conditions, such as post-vaccination anaphylactic shock and Quincke's edema, as well as a generalized form of urticaria.
2. Post-vaccine encephalitis.
3. Post-vaccination meningitis.
Alcohol and ADSM vaccination
Alcohol with the ADSM vaccine is completely incompatible. Before the day on which the ADSV vaccine is prescribed, adult vaccinants should refrain from drinking alcohol for at least two days.
After vaccination, a sober lifestyle should be maintained for another three days. Only after this, some relaxation is permissible, it is allowed to take weak alcoholic beverages in minimal doses. A week after the day of vaccination, it is allowed to resume drinking alcohol in the usual way.
If you still took alcohol after the vaccine, nothing will happen, but the severity of adverse reactions can increase significantly. Against the background of alcoholic intoxication, the temperature reaction may intensify, swelling and pain at the injection site may increase, so you should refrain from strong drinks during the week after vaccination.
Adults need to be revaccinated with the ADSM vaccine. Tetanus and diphtheria are dangerous, they can end in death. Tetanus is not treatable even in modern conditions. Diphtheria is treated, but gives dangerous complications. The ADSM vaccine is not reactogenic, well tolerated, and will provide immunity for the next 10 years.
Before the vaccination era, half of patients with diphtheria died, with tetanus infection, 85% of patients died. A number of countries, such as the United States, have attempted to refuse vaccination against pertussis, tetanus and diphtheria. It ended in an epidemic, and vaccination was resumed as part of a government program.