To ensure safety in the computer classroom of the school and create the most comfortable conditions for the educational process, one should rely on the basic sanitary and hygienic requirements for the computer science cabinet established by the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. Students are allowed to work with equipment after they familiarize themselves with the instructions and the set of rules for operating a computer class. It would seem, why such difficulties? In fact, the use of stationary computers cannot be called absolutely harmless and not capable of causing physical damage.
The requirements for the computer science cabinet are established by two SanPiN blocks - these are provisions 2.2.2.542-96, which regulate the installation of video display terminals and personal electronic computers, and the norms 2.4.2.1178-02 on hygiene requirements for the educational process in secondary schools.
Location in the school building, area
The requirements for the premises of the computer science cabinet set the rules for the placement of computer classes in educational institutions. In accordance with them, the office of information technology is not allowed to be equipped in the basement or basement. The recommended window orientation is north or northeast.
According to the basic sanitary and hygienic requirements, the computer science cabinet should have such an area that at least 6 square meters per workplace. m. Moreover, this calculation is valid only for small computer classes. If the room contains only 2-3 computers, this does not mean that 12-18 square meters. m for the office will be enough. In ungraded schools, other calculation formulas apply. So, for one student is not less than 2.5 square meters. m. Thus, if the average number of students in classes is 10 people, the area of the computer science cabinet for sanitary requirements should be at least 25 square meters. m
Computer Class Finishing
The flooring in the room where the classes are held at computers should be solid and stable. Use of a board or parquet flooring, linoleum or other material with antistatic properties is allowed. The training room should be wet-cleaned daily.
The walls of the computer science cabinet have similar requirements: they must have a smooth and waterproof matte surface. Moreover, the reflection from the walls should also correspond to certain factors: for the ceiling - 0.7-0.8, for walls - 0.5-0.6, for the floor - no more than 0.5. The color of the coating should be light. In the process of construction and repair work, use only certified finishing materials that do not emit unpleasant odors and are not toxic.
Lighting and indoor climate
If someone will argue that no special rules and regulations regarding the arrangement of computer classes have been established, indicate the requirements for the premises of the computer science cabinet, regulated by SanPiN. In the classroom, sources of natural and artificial lighting must be present. Moreover, the level of illumination reaching the desktop surface is normally 300-500 lux. In the process of designing an electric lighting system in a room, it is necessary to include in the circuit the possibility of separately switching on the lighting lines.
It is necessary to have the equipment in the computer classroom in such a way as to prevent direct sunlight from entering, as well as excessive contrast and reflection of light rays on the monitor screens. To this end, window openings are closed with adjustable curtain devices. Installation of blinds or plain curtains made of light dense fabric is allowed.
Before putting the cabinet into operation, it is necessary to verify the functioning of the air conditioning and ventilation systems. In accordance with the requirements of SanPiN, the computer science cabinet must be aired after each academic hour or immediately before training sessions to provide attendees with a better air composition. In the warm season, classes with open windows and transoms are allowed.
According to the requirements for the computer science cabinet, the level of air humidity is no less important. If the air in the computer room is dry, installation of humidifiers is required, which are regularly filled with distilled or boiled drinking water. In the absence of the possibility of installing humidifiers, the use of open containers with water is allowed. The optimum humidity level in the class is considered to be 55-62% at a temperature of not more than +21 ° C, but not less than +19 ° C.
If you are asked: “Indicate some requirements for the premises of the computer science cabinet”, do not forget to pay attention to such a nuance as the noise level. It should not exceed 50 decibels at workplaces, therefore it is undesirable to place a computer classroom in an adjacent room with a sports hall, music cabinet, workshops, assembly hall and other rooms in which the level of noise and vibration exceeds normalized indicators. If it is not possible to place the class of information technologies in another place, the administration should take care to reduce the noise level in the office by using soundproofing finishing materials.
Fire safety requirements
When organizing an informatics office, like any other room, it is important to take into account fire safety rules. The entire computer class must be equipped with protective grounding, which is brought directly to the workplace of each student and teacher (technician, laboratory assistant). The insulation resistance of conductive elements is normally not less than 0.5 Ohms, and for grounding devices - not more than 4 Ohms.
Electricity supply to the computer science cabinet according to the requirements is carried out through switchboards with distribution substations. The transformer is connected to the electrical input through a device having a protective-disconnecting function.
On each outlet it is necessary to make a mark on the magnitude of the voltage. Such marking is mandatory. Current-carrying elements of electrical appliances must be carefully insulated. The degree of compliance of fire safety with the requirements for the equipment of an informatics office by conducting an audit is determined by the person responsible for the economic unit of the educational institution. It can be a director or other appointed person, whose duties include the annual organization of conducting measurements of the resistance of grounding devices, monitoring the health of electrical equipment and devices. Based on the results of the audit, an act is drawn up reflecting all the shortcomings.
There must be a fire extinguisher in the computer science cabinet. Computer-class equipment with powder or carbon dioxide extinguishing equipment is allowed.
How to arrange furniture and appliances
According to the requirements of SanPiN, the computer science cabinet at the school should be equipped only with such personal computers that have permitting sanitary and epidemiological conclusions. Moreover, this requirement applies not only to newly acquired equipment, but also to one that has long been put into operation.
When arranging work places for students, the priority is to ensure electrical safety and protection against electromagnetic radiation. In addition, the teacher should have free access to any of the student seats during the lesson. Computer classes are usually equipped with single tables designed to work with personal computers. In the sanitary requirements for the computer science cabinet, the emphasis is on maintaining the distance between workstations. So, video monitors opposite each other can be placed at a distance of at least two meters, while at least 1.2 m can be left between the side surfaces of the monitors.
When landing, the teacher must ensure that the screen is at the required distance from the students' eyes. The optimum is considered to be 50-70 cm.
The number of jobs for students can be 9, 12, 15, which depends on the occupancy of classes. In addition to landing workstations at computers, the classroom should be equipped with double desks, based on the number of students. Desks are placed in the center of the office in one or two rows. Their purpose is to conduct theoretical studies, individual, group work, for the implementation of which there is no need to use computer technology.
If the school has only one computer room, in which primary school, middle and senior students are studying, the most difficult is to solve the problem of choosing furniture that is suitable for all students. As a rule, a way out can be found by equipping workstations with footrests. You can make sure that the student set of furniture matches the height of the child, according to the position of the body: legs, forearms and back should have support, and eyes should fall on the center of the screen or slightly higher.
How should classes be held
Duration of work on computer equipment is an especially important hygienic requirement. In an informatics office, a training session can last as long as ordinary lessons (no more than 45 minutes), but the period of direct presence in front of the monitor screen is:
- no more than 10 minutes - for first graders;
- no more than 15 minutes - for primary school students (up to the fifth grade);
- 20 minutes - for students of the sixth and seventh grades;
- 25 minutes - for students of eighth and ninth grades;
- 30 minutes for the rest.
So that children have the opportunity to relieve the static stress accumulated during a lesson in computer science, it is recommended to do a warm-up. A peculiar physical pause includes exercises for the prevention of congestion in the lower body, lower back, neck, shoulder girdle and arms.
It is also important to prevent visual fatigue of students after working on personal computers. For this purpose, it is recommended to perform exercises for the eyes in a standing or sitting position. With children of primary grades, the warm-up is carried out in a playful way.
Security requirements in the computer science cabinet
For the safe operation of the computer science cabinet, students are presented with some requirements. Entrance to the computer science cabinet should be prohibited:
- in outer clothing, headdress, with large bags and food;
- in dirty shoes, without shoe covers or removable shoes;
- with the included mobile phone, personal laptop.
In addition, during classes in a computer class, you can not make noise, talk on extraneous topics and distract other students. In no case should you jump and run, moving around the office is possible only with the permission of the teacher.
Getting to work, the student must inspect his workplace and computer. If there are visible damages or breakdowns, it cannot be used, which should be immediately reported to the teacher. You can work only with the computer that was originally provided at the time of the lesson. You cannot turn computers on and off without a teacher.
The requirements for the computer science cabinet at the school include a set of rules for working with a computer that prohibit:
- when the device is connected to the network, connect the wires and connect additional devices;
- use an electronic computer if there are no housing elements on it;
- touch the monitor screen, connectors, connecting cables and conductive parts of the devices with your fingers;
- when working with a computer, touch batteries or pipes;
- try to fix the malfunction on the keyboard yourself;
- hit the keys or push them with the help of any object;
- to arbitrarily move any of the elements of the system to another place;
- work at the computer table with wet hands, in wet clothes;
- conduct a lesson in low light;
- look at the monitor screen for longer than the set time (depending on age).
Organization of a teacher's workplace
Answering the question: “Indicate some requirements for the premises of the computer science cabinet”, you should also talk about additional equipment in the classroom. The front wall of the information technology cabinet is equipped with special blackboards on which you can write with a felt-tip pen. A screen and a cabinet for storing textbooks and electronic storage media are installed near the board, and table boxes are placed under it. Holders for hanging tables are fixed on the upper edge. Entering the office, students must leave their bags and briefcases on wall shelves (in cabinets). Allowed equipment of embedded structures.
On the left side of the blackboard, a control panel is mounted on the wall for distributing and supplying electricity to the working computers of the teacher and students. He should be exclusively in the teacher’s access area. Along the back wall it is allowed to install additional sectional cabinets in which training materials and information carriers will be stored.
The working area of the teacher is located on an elevated podium. In addition to a table equipped with computer equipment, two cabinets with a printer and graphic projector are placed next to them. In the sanitary and hygienic requirements for the premises of the computer science cabinet, you can even find the recommended sizes of the teacher's desk - it should have a length of at least 130 cm and a width of at least 70 cm.
Apparatus and devices
Depending on the average number of students in classes, the number of student personal computers is determined. Only one person can occupy one workplace, that is, one set of equipment (system unit, monitor, keyboard and computer mouse). At the same time, classes in the computer science cabinet are held taking into account the division of the class into two groups. Also in the composition of the premises of information technology necessarily included a complex for the teacher. In addition to standard equipment, its place is equipped with peripheral devices.
Each computer science cabinet should have a codoscope or slide projector (now multimedia projectors perform its functions), a VCR, a television screen with a diagonal of at least 61 cm. A television set with a demonstration purpose is set at 1.5 m. Mount it with the bracket on the left side from the blackboard. A graphic projector is placed next to the teacher's desk on a pedestal. During the demonstration of the filmstrip and individual fragments of transparencies in the computer science cabinet, the main requirements are to maintain the correct distance to the screen, the recommended width of which should be between 1.2-1.4 m: from the first desks to the surface with the projected image, must be at least 2 , 7 m, and from the last tables - no more than 8.6 m.
The optimal viewing area for TV shows and videos is the same distance - 2.7 m from the first student tables.
Equipment and related documentation
The composition of the equipment used in the computer class is determined by the requirements for the premises of the computer science cabinet. Some of them establish a strict list of subjects of computer technology, basic and applied software in the offices of information technology in the classes of educational institutions of the general education system. First of all, the computer science cabinet is equipped with:
- basic and profile type software for educational use at the course "Fundamentals of Informatics and Computer Engineering";
- guidelines for the implementation of individual tasks on the computer in the learning process, independent work and ongoing training exercises to consolidate skills;
- sets of reference, methodological and scientific literature;
- holders for demonstration tables and stands on which students' works are displayed;
- first-aid kit for first aid with an appropriate set of medicines;
- fire extinguishing agents (two fire extinguishers).
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Any reference and educational literature that may be required during the presentation of new material should be stored on the shelves of the cabinet. In accordance with the requirements for the interior design of a computer class, manuals used to study individual topics or sections of the course are displayed on the wall, which is opposite the wall with a training board. To accommodate books and illustration materials, removable stands are allowed.
Boards with tables, reference diagrams and other manuals are hung on the wall opposite the windows, which are used to familiarize students with safety rules, the structure of computer systems, the functions of peripheral equipment, etc. The table "Rules for the student at the computer" should be present on the same wall as the stands. In the design of billboards and stands, the use of various types of font is allowed: printed and handwritten, Arabic and Gothic. Headings and subheadings are made in the same style.