Most residents of the Northern capital know the guardhouse building at the Petersburg outpost. However, the rest of this term will seem, to put it mildly, unfamiliar. That this is a guard guard will be described in detail in this article.
Dictionary word
Before you begin to consider the meaning of this term, you should pay attention to the explanatory dictionary, which states that the guardroom is a room intended for the guard, which guards the fortress gates. Most often, it was located at the exit or entrance of the latter. Quite often, the guardhouse was equipped with special loopholes (special holes) for firing fire.
The guardroom is also the name of a guardhouse or guardhouse. From German, “guardhouse” is translated as the main “guard”. Subsequently, in Russia the so-called guard house, that is, the place where the guard was placed, was called. At present, the guardhouse in the armed forces is the premises where detained servicemen are kept. In jargon, this place is called the "lip."
History
Premises for the guard, called guardhouse, appeared on the territory of Russia in 1707, after the commandant offices and military garrisons were established by Peter the Great. The very first guardhouse was erected in St. Petersburg in the area of ​​Senoy Square.
The divorce (construction) of the main guard is a very interesting and beautiful sight, therefore the guard houses were placed on the main city square. The design of such buildings was entrusted to the famous architects of the Russian Empire.
Much later, during the Soviet era, separate rooms for keeping detained servicemen began to be allocated in guard houses. In most countries there is no guardhouse, as there are military prisons.
The appearance of the guard guard
In 1763, Empress Catherine II signed a decree on the creation in cities of special development plans, with certain rules. Together with the development of squares and streets, attention was paid to the architectural design of the city gates. In Novgorod, similar gates were built towards Moscow, Pskov and St. Petersburg. These security posts controlled the entry and exit of the city. In 1834, two stone guard buildings were completely rebuilt.
Inexpressive buildings of guard houses after reconstruction became a real urban decoration. These "guardrooms" were located on both sides of the road. Directly adjacent to the roadway was a fence made of cast iron with lampposts, between which a barrier was installed. At this post, soldiers from the guard checked the documents of everyone who drove into the city.
Design Example
In Novgorod, the design of the guardhouse was made in the style of Russian classicism. The south and north facades were made identical to each other. Each facade has an arched niche in the center, which is decorated with two pilasters made with Doric orders and a window between them.
In the upper part, the niche has a decorative bas-relief in the form of the coat of arms of the city. Above the archives of the niche, a triglyphic decorated frieze with sockets and metopes was created. The front of the facades themselves is crowned with triangular pediments. Facade tympans (drums) have a high relief decoration (sculptural relief) in the form of a two-headed eagle along with a shield on which there is a monogram of Nicholas I.
The western facade, which faces the side of the road, has an entrance to the premises of the “guardroom”. It is decorated with a semicircular loggia and two columns with a Doric order. The top of the loggia has a decorative high relief relief identical to the pediment. The edges of the facades are decorated with stucco in the form of round shields, behind which crossed swords are located. Currently, only one of the two buildings of the guardhouse is preserved.
Types of Guards
In various countries, depending on the type of troops, there are various types of guard duty. According to the Charter of such a service, three varieties of guards were created in the armed forces of Russia.
The garrison guard (camp) was created for the defense and protection of those objects that are located on the territory of the garrison, but do not have their own units or security groups. Also, the duties of the garrison guard include the protection of arrested servicemen who are on guardhouse (bay). They report directly to the head of the garrison, the military commandant and the guard on duty.
Other species
The internal guard (ship) provides protection for all objects located in the military town and in the place of permanent deployment (location) of the military unit. In fact, they guard the territory of military camps (in the jargon - ships). The guardhouse is located on the perimeter of the guarded town, in a special separate building, which is fenced. This area is called the “guard town” and is a regime, that is, access there is strictly limited.
The internal guard is not a constant formation of military personnel. It is created for a day, after which it is completely replaced by a new one. In other words, in this type of guard can be absolutely any ordinary soldier. The posts are subordinate to the commander of the military unit or to the person replacing him during the absence of the first, as well as to the duty officer on the military town (unit) and his assistant.
Guard of honor
The guard of honor is a special permanent or temporary ceremonial unit of the armed forces. It was created to protect monuments, public buildings and historical sites. Also, the guard of honor is involved in the reception of senior guests from other countries.
As mentioned earlier, guard posts and guards are permanent and temporary. Permanent means those that are under continuous guard, for example, the checkpoint of military units and military depots. Such guards have a strict schedule that determines their shift and duration of duty.
Temporary are used to protect various military property during its transportation at railway stations, airports and seaports. During emergencies and natural disasters, the temporary formation accompanies special cargoes, as well as guards convicted and arrested persons during their transportation. Here is such a wide variety of guard duty, which is located in the guardroom.