Over time and the development of medicine, scientists began to create special vaccines for this or that ailment. Having vaccinated, you can not be afraid to catch a fairly serious illness. It is worth noting that vaccination in Russia is voluntary, but many doctors insist on vaccinations and convince people that they are needed.
There is a specific vaccination schedule for children under 3 years old. In the absence of vaccination, many babies are not taken to kindergartens and other preschool institutions. That is why it is so important to know what vaccinations are needed for children. Schedule (Russia) sets specific vaccination times. It is about them that will be discussed in this article.
Vaccination or vaccine
Vaccination is a special injection. The substance contained in the vaccine consists of a small number of bacteria or microorganisms. With their help, the human body is infected. With the introduction of the vaccine, the disease proceeds unnoticed and a stable immunity is formed. Some vaccinations begin to act after the first injection of the substance, while others gain strength only after repeated vaccinations.
Vaccination of children
In our country, there is a specific vaccination schedule for children under 3 years of age and after. Why is there such a separation by age?
All major vaccines are administered to the baby in the first 36 months of life. During this period, the disease is almost asymptomatic and does not entail negative consequences.
Conditions for vaccination
The conditions and schedule of mandatory vaccinations for children suggests that the vaccine should be administered only to an absolutely healthy baby. If the child has suffered a cold, viral or any other disease, it is necessary to wait at least two weeks after full recovery. Only after this can you get the permission of the pediatrician and get vaccinated.
Vaccine exemption
In some cases, an individual vaccination schedule for children may be chosen. A parent can express such a desire or recommend a specialist. With various birth injuries, the timing of vaccination is often delayed. The vaccine may be delayed indefinitely. In this case, the child is issued a certificate that explains the reason for release. It is worth noting that in this case, the baby must be taken to a kindergarten, as the refusal of vaccination occurred on the recommendation of a doctor.
Also, the vaccination schedule for children under 3 years old does not apply to seriously ill babies. When a disability is obtained (temporary or permanent), vaccination is postponed indefinitely.
Duration of vaccination
The vaccination schedule for children under 3 years old consists of several vaccines. The introduction of a particular substance has certain deadlines. If in the near future you have to become parents, then you should know in advance the schedule of vaccinations up to 3 years.
Maternity Vaccination
The very first vaccinations a child receives immediately after birth. The first vaccine is called “Against viral hepatitis B”. Put her in the thigh of the baby. Reactions to this vaccine usually do not occur. However, it is worth noting that medical personnel are at great risk by performing this manipulation at such an early age. In the first hours of life, the child is still not examined enough and nothing can be said about the health of his nervous system. If there is a pathology, this vaccine may have complications.
The schedule of vaccinations for newborns indicates that the second vaccine is administered to a baby aged 5-7 days. During this time, the baby has already been examined by all the necessary specialists. It is worth recalling that this vaccine is recommended for use only after consulting a neurologist and conducting an ultrasound diagnosis of the child’s head. The drug is injected into the forearm of the left hand of the child. This vaccine is the only one that leaves a mark on the rest of his life.
The first vaccinations in the clinic
The vaccination schedule for newborns includes a second vaccine against viral hepatitis B. It is worth noting that the introduction of the substance should be carried out only after one month after the first vaccination. If a woman refused the previous vaccination for the baby, then re-vaccination is postponed until the right moment.
This vaccine is injected into the baby's leg. At the same time, the doctor squeezes the skin with two fingers in order to reduce the pain effect. Reactions to this vaccine are usually not observed. However, before vaccination, the baby must be absolutely healthy.
Vaccinations in 3 months
The schedule of vaccinations for children suggests that the next vaccination is carried out exactly at three months of a child's life. In this case, the absence of contraindications and a break between the administration of the drug for at least 45 days is a prerequisite.
DTP is one of the most frightening vaccines. It contains a vaccine against pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus. Often, before the introduction of the vaccine, the doctor recommends giving the baby an antihistamine. In most cases, Fenistil syrup is prescribed. Also, with complications, the drug "Diphenhydramine" can be used. The vaccine is injected into the baby’s thigh. After this child can not bathe in a hot tub for three days. The reaction to this vaccine is quite common. That is why mothers are so afraid of this vaccine and try to postpone it for an indefinite period.
The polio vaccine is administered simultaneously with DTP. In this case, the second leg should be used for the injection. You can not mix drugs in one flask and enter them at the same time. Reactions to this vaccine usually do not occur. Children tolerate it quite easily at such a young age.
Repeat vaccine: DTP and polio
The first revaccination for these diseases is carried out in 4.5 months. In this case, from the first injection should not pass less than 45 days. The conditions for administering the drug are the same as in the first case.
If the child had a reaction to the first vaccine, then you need to prepare for the second vaccine. Immediately after the introduction of the substance, it is necessary to offer the baby an analgesic and antipyretic agent, as well as antihistamine drops. Be sure to inform your doctor about a possible reaction of the child's body.
Six months vaccination
At this stage, hepatitis B vaccine is given to children. The schedule also includes vaccination against polio, pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus. All of these vaccinations can be done at the same time.
It is worth noting that at six months the child is not given a dead polio vaccine. This time, the body will have to cope with live bacteria that are taken orally. After this vaccination, you can not feed and drink the baby for half an hour.
First year of life
When the baby has reached the age of one year, he is vaccinated against measles, rubella and mumps. The substance is injected using an injection under the scapula or in the child’s leg. It is worth noting that different medical institutions may use their own preferences when administering this vaccine.
The response to such a vaccine is very rare. It is expressed by a rise in temperature and the appearance of an allergic rash.
A year and a half: DTP and polio
As you already understood, these two vaccines "keep pace." Almost always, they are administered simultaneously. The only exceptions are those cases when an individual schedule has been selected.
The reaction to these substances is most often the same as in previous times.
Two years
At this age, the last vaccine is given. The next one, according to the table “Vaccinations for children after a year (schedule)”, will be introduced only at 6 years.
At this age, the child is vaccinated against polio. Most often it is a drop, not an injection.
Conclusion
Now you know what time the hepatitis vaccine is given to children. The graph also describes the remaining important vaccines. Ask the local pediatrician to give you a form with all the vaccinations described and the deadlines.
If you want to protect the baby from insidious and serious diseases, then give him all the necessary vaccinations. Consult your pediatrician and choose the most suitable time for this manipulation. Remember that during the vaccination period, the baby should be completely healthy and not in contact with patients. If there are people in the family who are infected with a viral infection, then you should postpone the vaccination, since after it the immunity is significantly reduced, and the child may become infected.