Depending on the localization of pressure in the vessels, blood pressure is divided into three types: arterial, venous and capillary. Due to the pressure, blood is advanced through the vessels of the circulatory system of the body. Thus, homeostasis and metabolic processes in it are supported. Arterial blood pressure depends on heart rate, as well as the amount of blood that is released during systole. Of no small importance is the viscosity of the blood, the level of pressure in the chest and abdominal cavity, as well as the amount of blood that circulates in the body.
In the process of contracting the left ventricle of the heart, arterial blood pressure reaches its maximum value. At this time, the heart pushes out about 70 cm3 of blood. Of course, this is a rather large volume of blood that cannot immediately pass through the thin vessels and capillaries, therefore the walls of the aorta are stretched, at which time the pressure in it rises. Normal blood pressure (systolic) varies from 100 to 140 mmHg. pillar.
Diastolic pressure is formed as a result of contraction of the walls of the aorta and large arteries. Thus, blood is pushed into the blood capillaries. At the same time , blood pressure gradually decreases and amounts to about 70–80 mm Hg. pillar. It should be said that blood pressure in the vessels depends on their remoteness in relation to the heart: the farther they are from the heart, the lower the blood pressure in them. Doctors use a sphingomanometer to determine the level of blood pressure.
The main cause of hypertension (high blood pressure) many experts consider excessive emotionality, nervous breakdowns, emotional feelings and other psycho-emotional stresses. It is disruptions in the nervous system that are accompanied by stable increased blood pressure. In patients with a diagnosis of hypertension, blood pressure rises sharply and lasts much longer, with minor psycho-emotional stress compared to healthy people. Accordingly, with a systematic increase in blood pressure, our body gets used to, adapts to these loads, high blood pressure is fixed at a certain level. The question arises - what should be normal blood pressure. Its norm mainly depends on the individual physiological characteristics of a person, age, lifestyle, physical activity, etc. For example, in adolescence, the pressure should be 100/70, and for 60 year olds it is - 150/90 mm RT. Art.
An important factor in the development of hypertension is kidney disease, they take part in the regulation of blood pressure (they produce specific biologically active compounds). With kidney diseases, the mechanism of NaCl excretion from the body is disrupted, and this, as is known, provokes an increase in blood pressure. The worst thing is when hypertension passes into the chronic stage. This period is characterized by stable high blood pressure (hypertension), the patient’s body adapts to existing stresses, a false opinion about well-being is created, that is, the patient practically does not feel pain and, as a result, stops being treated.
Knowing the mechanism of development of this pathology, it can be controlled. To do this, you must follow all the doctor’s recommendations, maintain an orderly regimen of rest and work, reduce the intensity of emotional stress on the body. When hypertension is detected, therapists prescribe drugs with a sedative effect. Overweight hypertensive patients should lose weight for prevention. Hypertension is positively correlated with overweight. Obesity indicates a violation of metabolic processes, that is, the synthesis of lipids from nutrients prevails over its breakdown. With the progression of the disease, breathing is disturbed and heart failure develops, while patients have drowsiness and swelling. Very often the cause of diabetes, cholelithiasis, myocardial infarction is obesity.