Sergey Yesenin - biography and work of the poet. When is the birthday of Sergei Yesenin?

Sergey Yesenin. The name of the great Russian poet - a connoisseur of the national soul, singer of peasant Russia, is familiar to everyone, poems have long become Russian classics, and admirers of his work gather on the day of Sergei Yesenin's birthday.

Oh you sled! What a sled!

Ringing frozen aspen.

My father is a peasant,

Well, I'm a peasant son.

Sergei Yesenin: biography of the Russian poet

Ryazan Oblast. The village of Konstantinovo. In 1895, a poet was born, whose works are still admired by fans of his work. October 3 is the birthday of Sergei Yesenin. From childhood, the boy was raised by a wealthy and enterprising maternal grandfather, a great connoisseur of church literature. Therefore, among the first impressions of the child, there are spiritual verses, sung by vagrant blind people, and fairy tales of the beloved grandmother, which prompted the future poet to his own work, which took off at the age of 9.

Sergey graduated from the 4th grade of the local zemstvo school, although he studied for 5 years: due to unsatisfactory behavior, he was left for the 2nd year. He continued to acquire knowledge at the Spas-Klepikovskoy parish school, which trained rural teachers.

The capital of Russian cities: the beginning of a new life

At the age of 17, he left for Moscow, got a job in a butcher shop, where his father served as a clerk. After the conflict with the parent, he changed his job: he went to the publishing house, and then to the printing house as a proofreader. There he met Izryadnova Anna, who gave birth to him, 19-year-old, in December 1914, the son of Yuri, who was shot in 1937 by a false sentence about the attempt on the life of Stalin.

During his stay in the capital, the poet took part in the literary and musical circle to them. Surikova joined the rebellious workers, for which he received the attention of the police. In 1912, he began to attend classes at the People's University of A. Shanyavsky in Moscow as a volunteer. There Yesenin received the basics of humanitarian education, listening to lectures on Western European and Russian literature. The birthday of Sergei Yesenin is known to many admirers of his work - October 3, 1895. His works are translated into many languages, are included in the compulsory school curriculum. To date, many are interested in what kind of relationship the poet built with the fair sex, did women love Sergei Yesenin, did he reciprocate? What (or who) inspired him to create; to create so that after a century of his poems are relevant, interesting, loved.

The life and work of Sergei Yesenin

The first publication of Yesenin’s works took place in Moscow magazines in 1914, and the poem “Birch” began the successful debut. Literally in a century, the birthday of Sergei Yesenin will be known to almost every schoolboy, but for now the poet has stepped on his thorny road leading to fame and recognition.

In Petrograd, where Sergei moved in the spring of 1915, believing that all his literary life was concentrated in this city, he read his works to Blok, whom he personally came to meet. The cordial welcome by the famous poet’s entourage and their approval of the verses inspired the envoy of the Russian village and endless fields for further creativity.

Recognized, published, read

The talent of Sergei Yesenin was recognized by Klyuyev N.A., Gorodetsky S.M., Remizov A.M., Gumilyov N.S., acquaintance with whom the young man owed Blok. Almost all the poems brought were published, and Sergei Yesenin, whose biography is still of interest to fans of the poet’s work, has become widely known. In joint poetic performances with Klyuev in front of the audience, stylized as a folk, peasant style, the young golden-haired poet appeared in morocco boots and an embroidered shirt. He got closer to the society of “new peasant poets” and was fascinated by this trend. The key theme of Yesenin's poetry was peasant Russia, the love of which permeates all his works.

In 1916 he was drafted into the army, but thanks to the anxiety and troubles of his friends, he was appointed a nurse on the military-sanitary train of Empress Alexandra Fedorovna, which allowed the poet to visit literary salons, speak at concerts, attend receptions at patrons.

Peasant Russia in the work of the poet

He accepted the October Revolution in his own joyful and enthusiastic manner, writing a series of small poems called “The Sky Drummer”, “Inonia”, “Jordanian Dove”, imbued with a premonition of future changes; the life and work of Sergei Yesenin was at the beginning of a new, yet unknown path - the path of glory and recognition.

In 1916, Yesenin's debut book, Radunitsa, was seen with enthusiasm by critics who found in it a fresh direction, the author’s natural taste and his youthful immediacy. Further, from 1914 to 1917, “Pigeon”, “Rus”, “Marfa-Posadnitsa”, “Mikola” were published, marked by some special Yesenin style with humanization of animals, plants, natural phenomena that form together with man , rooted in nature, a holistic, harmonious and beautiful world. The paintings of Yesenin Rus, reverential, evoking an almost religious feeling among the poet, are painted with a subtle understanding of nature with a heated stove, dog dipping, mowing hayfields, swamp swamps, herd snoring and the mowing mowing.

The second marriage of Sergei Yesenin

In 1917, the poet married Reich Zinaida Nikolaevna, from the marriage with which the children of Sergei Yesenin were born: son Konstantin and daughter Tatyana.

At this time, real popularity comes to Esenin, the poet becomes in demand, he is invited to various poetry evenings. In 1918 - 1921 he traveled a lot around the country: Crimea, the Caucasus, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Turkestan, Bessarabia. He worked on the dramatic poem "Pugachev", in the spring he traveled to the Orenburg steppes.

In 1918-1920, the poet became close to Mariengof AB, Shershenevich V.G., Ivnev R. and became interested in imagism - a post-revolutionary literary and artistic movement based on futurism, which claimed to build "the art of the future", a completely new, denying all previous artistic experience. Yesenin became a frequent visitor to the literary cafe "Stall Pegasus" in Moscow at Nikitsky Gate. The poet, who sought to know the "commune of uplifted Russia", only partially shared the aspiration of the newly created direction, the purpose of which was to cleanse the form of "content dust". He also continued to perceive himself as a poet of "Outgoing Russia." In his poems there appeared motives of everyday life, “thrown up by a storm”, a drunken udder, which is replaced by anguish. The poet appears as a brawler, a bully, a drunkard with a bloodied soul, wandering from the brothel to the brothel, where he is surrounded by a “strange and laughing rabble” (collections “Moscow Kabatskaya”, “Confession of a Bully” and “Poems of a brawler”).

In 1920, a three-year marriage with Z. Reich broke up. Sergey Yesenin’s children each went their own way: Konstantin became a famous football statistician, and Tatyana became the director of her father’s museum and a member of the Writers' Union.

Isadora Duncan and Sergey Yesenin

In 1921, Yesenin met the dancer Isadora Duncan. She did not speak Russian, the poet, who read a lot and was highly educated, did not know foreign languages, but from the first meeting, when he looked at the dance of this woman, Sergei Yesenin irreversibly reached out to her. The couple, in which Isadora was 18 years older, was not stopped by the age difference. Most often called her beloved “angel”, and he called her “Isidore”. Isadora’s directness, her fiery dances drove Yesenin crazy. She perceived him as a weak and unprotected child, treated Sergei with trembling tenderness, and even over time learned a dozen Russian words. In Russia, Isadora’s career did not work out because the Soviet authorities did not provide the field of activity for which she was counting. The couple registered a marriage and took the common name Duncan-Yesenina.

After the wedding, Yesenin and his wife traveled extensively throughout Europe, visited France, Germany, Canada, Italy, Belgium, and the USA. Duncan tried her best to create public relations for her husband: she organized translations of his poems and published them, arranged poetry evenings, but abroad he was recognized exclusively as an appendix to the famous dancer. The poet yearned, felt unclaimed, useless to anyone, he began to depression. Yesenin began to drink, between the spouses there were frequent heartbreaking quarrels with cares and subsequent reconciliations. Over time, Yesenin’s attitude to his wife, in which he already saw not an ideal, but an ordinary aging woman, changed. He still got drunk, occasionally beat Isadora, complaining to friends that she had stuck to him and was not sticking. The couple broke up in 1923, Yesenin returned to Moscow.

The last years of Yesenin's work

In the future work, the poet very critically exposes the Soviet regime ("Country of villains", 1925). After this begins the persecution of the poet, his accusation of fighting and drunkenness. The last two years of his life passed on regular trips; Sergei Yesenin, a Russian poet, was hiding from judicial persecution, traveled to the Caucasus three times, traveled to Leningrad and constantly visited Konstantinovo, never interrupting communication with him.

During this period, the works “Poem about 26”, “Persian motifs”, “Anna Snegina”, “Golden Grove dissuaded” were published. In poems, the theme of the homeland, which is now acquiring shades of drama, still occupies the main place. This period of lyrics is more and more marked by autumn landscapes, motives for summing up conclusions and farewells.

Goodbye my friend, goodbye ...

In the fall of 1925, the poet, trying to restart his family life, married with Sofia Andreevna, the granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy. But this union was not happy. Sergei Yesenin’s life was going downhill: alcohol addiction, depression, pressure from leading circles caused his wife to place the poet in a neuropsychiatric hospital. Only a narrow circle of people knew about it, but well-wishers were found who contributed to the establishment of round-the-clock monitoring of the clinic. The Chekists began to demand from P. B. Gannushkin, a professor at this clinic, that Esenin should be extradited. The latter refused, and Yesenin, having waited a convenient moment, interrupted the course of treatment and left the psychoneurological institution in the crowd of visitors and left for Leningrad.

December 14 finished work on the poem "Black Man", which spent 2 years. The published work was already after the death of the poet. On December 27, his final work, “Goodbye, my friend, goodbye,” came out from the pen of Sergei Yesenin. The life and work of Sergei Yesenin came to an end, terrible and incomprehensible. There was no Russian poet whose body was found hanged at the Angleterre Hotel on the night of December 28, 1925.

On the birthday of Sergei Yesenin, his memory is gathered in all corners of Russia, but the most large-scale events are held in his native Konstantinov, where thousands of admirers of the poet's art come from all over the world.