Crime is a social phenomenon that is undesirable for any society, since it introduces a certain danger into it. Despite this, in every social structure there is this concept, and local authorities in all regions of Russia are actively fighting it.
So, we will consider what the prevention of crime and crime is, as well as what measures and techniques are used by authorities to implement preventive activities among the masses.
General concept
Before understanding in more detail the features of the presented concept, its essence should be determined. Crime prevention is an activity that is carried out by the state power bodies. It represents the implementation of a whole range of measures developed by specialists in order to act in opposition to the process of determining crime, which can occur in a specific region of Russia or in the whole country as a whole. The main objective of such activities is to re-socialize persons who are potential criminals, as well as to prevent the commission of possible crimes.
At the moment, some authors of the works, who are certified specialists in the field of jurisprudence, propose to exclude precisely this interpretation of the general concept of crime prevention, motivating their opinion that it is impossible to avoid what has long existed. However, these points of view in modern times are ignored, and the concept outlined continues to exist.
It should be noted that many experts also argue that crime prevention is its prevention or suppression. However, if you understand the essence of these concepts, it can be noted that their meaning is somewhat inconsistent with that which is given to prevent crime. So, if we take into account the concept of prevention, then, indeed, this process is similar to prevention, but rather is one of the comprehensive measures of this type of activity of the state’s law enforcement agencies, as it involves operations aimed at identifying, identifying and subsequently eliminating the causes crime in a specific region. If we talk about crime prevention, this concept is applicable only when the dangerous process is at the initial stage (for example, in preparation), that is, at a moment when the activity does not fall under the alleged corpus delicti and, as a result, cannot be punishable.
Value
Crime prevention and prevention are processes that are of particular importance to the legal system and the population that lives within certain regions. It should be noted that most criminologists consider complexes of actions aimed at preventing criminal activity more effective when compared with those that can be used in parallel.
Assessing the importance of crime prevention and prevention, it should be understood that this social phenomenon causes irreparable damage to the population living in a particular region, and its result can be not only material losses, but also lives taken from people, as well as simply crippled human fates . In addition, this phenomenon necessitates the implementation of material costs aimed at supporting the internal affairs bodies that are directly involved in the fight against crime.
The significance of crime prevention is not only the prevention of the occurrence of the types of damage described above, but also the process of resocialization of persons who may be potential violators of the law. Often such situations arise when the offender returns to normal life and becomes a law-abiding person - all this is a consequence of the use of the complex of measures under consideration in practice.
Impact of measures
How are crime prevention activities carried out? From the concept given above, it becomes obvious that all actions carried out by specialized bodies have a certain orientation. As a rule, it is expressed in a specific effect on the special, so-called hot spots, in which the process of collision of crime and society takes place. In addition, the process of preventing criminal activity is actively directed to the phenomenon of self-reproduction and self-determination of criminal activity in a particular region or throughout the state as a whole. It should be noted that for this type of impact, specially developed sets of actions are applied that are focused on the most dangerous phenomena of the criminal world, in particular, on organized illegal acts.
In addition to all of the above, the basics of crime prevention also include an impact on the main causes and certain conditions conducive to the development of this phenomenon. Vivid examples of such comprehensive measures are the fight against unemployment, as well as against illegal migration.
Subjects
In the national system there are several bodies for which crime prevention is the main activity. These include not only the police, but also some other law enforcement agencies: the prosecutor’s office, customs authorities, security services, as well as the courts and some others. The Security Council of the Russian Federation also makes a significant contribution to the development of crime prevention. Until a certain point (1997), such activity was also assigned to the Interdepartmental Commission, which was engaged in crime prevention.
Of considerable importance for the high-quality process of preventing crimes and crime in a certain area of the state’s life is the presence of specialized bodies in which specialists work who are well versed in specific issues. Special attention should be paid to those structures that are engaged in the prevention and prevention of economic crimes. These include antitrust services and the tax police. With regard to the field of crimes in the field of ecology, the development and implementation of measures to combat crimes in this area are carried out by the bodies of sanitary-epidemiological and environmental surveillance.
All of the above entities are state bodies, that is, they are financed from budgetary funds, and they are also members of a structure prescribed by law. Along with them, non-state bodies also operate, the financing of which is made from private or specialized budgets. Among them are private security organizations, as well as individuals or their groups that provide assistance to law enforcement agencies: combatants, police freelancers, public assistants, public order polling stations, etc.
UN activities
Of course, the problem of crime prevention is important for all states. That is why the solution of issues related to its elimination is submitted for consideration at the international level. The UN is engaged in the study of this problem and taking measures to its final elimination. Under the auspices of this organization, a congress is held every five years, at which all issues related to this problem are considered, and various ways to solve it are also provided.
The United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention is an event that has been held since 1955. It is the successor to the international prison congresses, which were also carried out at the interstate level, starting in 1955. Currently, UN activities in crime prevention is of considerable importance for the whole world. The provisions developed at meetings of the organization are used in almost all countries, since the methods for resolving it are quite effective.
Global warning
In fact, there is a considerable list of crime prevention options. This is necessary in order to ensure proper consideration of issues arising related to a specific area of violations of the law. Let us consider the most important of them below.
However, before studying the industry-specific crime prevention measures, one should understand which of them are applied on a common basis. It should be noted that the greatest importance in the general prevention of such a negative phenomenon in society is exerted by actions aimed at eliminating the main human problems: unemployment, drug addiction, vagrancy, interethnic conflicts, etc. That is why the programs that the state implements in order to improve living standards in individual regions and in the state as a whole are especially important.
Practice shows that many antisocial phenomena cannot be completely eradicated, however, government programs aim to minimize them to the maximum. Particular attention is paid to how well the state employment services function, because their main task is to eliminate such a problem as unemployment, which creates poverty. As a result, a poor person is a potential criminal who is looking for a means of survival and a better life, often in an illegal way. In addition, the anti-alcohol campaign conducted in the country is also of particular importance.
Generally speaking, the general prevention of crime is aimed at establishing a normal standard of living in the country, due to which people will have less and less need to look for illegal income, as well as become the subjects of crimes.
Absolutely all structures are involved in the development of measures of this nature at the state level, including criminologists, psychologists, sociologists, political scientists, as well as managers and politicians.
Individual warning
The crime prevention system provides for another rather effective type of measures that are aimed at individual impact. It should be noted that this type of warning is aimed at working with a specific person, who, due to the presence of certain qualities and traits, is a potential criminal. You need to understand that work can be carried out not only with a specific social object, but also with its close environment, which includes acquaintances, relatives, friends, colleagues, etc.
Certain criminogenic factors may indicate that a specific person should conduct preventive work. These include such living conditions that can be equated with unfavorable, the person’s ability to commit crimes or immoral acts (perhaps this phenomenon has been observed by a person before), as well as the implementation of the process of forming a person’s personality surrounded by adverse factors. In the event that a person has certain mental abnormalities or deviations of a sexual nature, as well as other violations that are criminogenic in nature, this may also be the reason for taking preventive measures with the person aimed at preventing crime.
It should be noted that all actions carried out by specialists in relation to a potential criminal should not go beyond the permissible limits. This is due to the fact that the person is not the subject of the crimes committed, but is considered prone to this. Law-enforcement measures cannot be applied to such people, but this does not apply to those who belong to the category of conditionally convicted or to those who have already committed an administrative offense.
One of the main methods of working with potential criminals is persuasion. Its implementation is to convince the probable criminal not to commit illegal actions, as well as to warn him about the possible legal consequences of the crime. Such a measure is more likely to be educational in nature or, in some cases, precautionary. As a preventive measure, a person can be involved in activities that can have a positive impact on him (participation in circles or sections, labor or social organizations, etc.).
Often, for such groups of people the method of assistance is used. It is more complex in execution, but is considered quite effective. Its essence lies in the implementation of certain actions that will help improve the social situation of a potentially dangerous subject. Vivid examples of such assistance can serve as facts of employment, as well as referrals to training.
Female crime
It should be noted that the prevention of female crime is also of considerable importance to society. As part of the preventive measures, the state is actively working on attracting women to public work, and provides various types of assistance for this population group.
Many experts are convinced that the church is of particular importance in the legal and ethical education of women. This is due to the fact that representatives of the weak half of humanity are more prone to spirituality, as well as sensitive to religious rites.
Juvenile inspectorates also have a special impact on this population, working with adolescent girls who, at an early age, can take the wrong and criminal path.
It should also be noted that in the prevention of crime among women of particular importance is the preventive work of specialists in the field of medicine. These persons carry out effective measures aimed at the sexual education of young girls, which also favorably affects the reduction of crime among young people and the general population.
It should be noted that the characteristic of crime prevention among women is different in that the representatives of the weak half of humanity are prone to commit unlawful acts for special reasons, which in some cases are unusual for men. This is what should be taken into account in the process of developing methods for legal education of girls and women.
Economic crime
A huge number of state forces are currently thrown at the prevention of economic crime. This is due to the fact that in the modern world this group of crimes begins to grow, which causes a large number of risks at the national level. It should be noted that the activities of specialized bodies for the prevention of crimes in this area are carried out at various levels: at the regional and national level.
The system of crime prevention in the field of economics provides for the implementation by the state of such actions that will contribute to reducing the size of the shadow market. Of particular importance in it is also the carrying out of criminological forecasts regarding how the new economic policy of the state will affect society. As a result of research, on the basis of the data generated, state bodies should develop special techniques aimed at eliminating all possible negative consequences of this policy. The basis of the criminological crime prevention in this way is a thorough study of future regulations that will serve as the foundation of the new policy.
As for the state entities that are responsible for the prevention of economic crimes, these include authorities located at various levels, representatives of independent private financial control structures (auditors), as well as law enforcement agencies and public organizations.
. , , , , . , , , .
, , . , .
, , , , - , .
. . , , .
, , , . , , , , .
, , . , , .
, . , , , . , , , .
. , , , , .
And finally, consider the third group of measures that create the conditions for the prevention of crime among people who have already served their sentences for their crime. They consist in the proper adaptation of persons who have left prison. These actions are carried out by representatives of various administrative commissions, patronage collectives, personal trustees, as well as support funds, which are financed from personal funds.