The legislation provides for an age at which, as a standard, all women 55 years old and men 60 years old go on well-deserved rest. However, there is an exception to this rule, which is a list of preferential professions. They are characterized by increased complexity and danger of work. In compensation for harm to health, the state provides an opportunity to retire early.
The list of preferential professions is determined by the harmful effects of working conditions on the health of employees. Some specialties were included in the list in the last century, but with the advent of new technologies and new responsibilities, the list was expanded.
Lists
In 1991, a list of professions for preferential retirement was approved . For convenience, it was divided into two parts. All harmful and hazardous specialties were included in the lists. These lists help determine what compensation a citizen should receive, as well as what additional benefits he needs to be provided.
Certain categories of citizens represented in these lists can count on additional benefits in the form of:
- shortened work week;
- increased salary;
- free trips to various sanatoriums;
- long annual leave;
- early retirement.
The list of benefits is provided by federal regulations. According to statistics, about 40% of specialists are employed in industries with harmful factors. In order to somehow compensate for the health damage caused by labor, the government provides for a list of preferential professions, divided into two types of lists.
List difference
The classifier of professions presented by the government is a document that displays a list of harmful professions. Periodically, the lists are updated and supplemented by new specialties.
Their difference lies in the severity of labor. The first list contains specialties that the Ministry of Labor considers particularly dangerous. The second list shows all professions with a negative impact on health, but not related to especially dangerous ones. Based on this, the most benefits will be given to people with professions from the first list. .
List 1
The special list of preferential professions (the latest version) includes all specialties of a general direction of activity. The first list includes:
- underground types of work;
- mountain types of work;
- all metallurgy professions;
- oil industry;
- gas production and processing;
- chemical industry;
- petrochemistry;
- gas station employees;
- fleet staff;
- professions related to the development of radio engineering and electrical appliances;
- employees engaged in the manufacture of medications.
This list also includes all specialties related to mining and processing of ore.
List 2
The second list of preferential professions includes:
- healthcare staff;
- professions associated with the processing of metals, coal;
- food industry workers;
- railway staff.
List 2 also includes social security professionals and some other professions.
Early retirement
The first and second list of preferential professions allows you to retire early. These lists take into account the hard work of a person, the danger of work. The law approved by the Government of the Russian Federation provides for early rest, or the possibility of changing activities to easier and safer. In the latter case, the benefits and payment of the monthly pension are retained.
The conditions for entering a well-deserved rest are displayed by the new program. The list of preferential professions provides for the definition of conditions that must be met for early exit on vacation.
Men whose work falls into the first list of professions for a preferential pension must have at least ten years of experience in hazardous work. According to the second list for men, length of service is two and a half years longer. After that, everyone gets the opportunity to advance to a preferential pension. Women employed in jobs from the first list must have at least seven and a half years of experience, and at least ten in the second.
Pension benefits are awarded to men who fall into the first list of professions for a preferential pension, if their total labor activity is 20 years, of which half were engaged in hazardous work. Subject to this criterion, a pension may be assigned at the age of 50. Women can apply for accrual of benefits for a total of 15 years, of which they worked half the term in conditions hazardous to health. The age of women should be at least 45 years old.
People on the second list can go on a well-deserved rest with a total work experience of 25 years (for men) and 20 years (for women). At the same time, men should be 55 years old, and women should be 50 years old.
It happens that a person could not finish his retirement at a hazardous production. Such situations were taken into account by the pension fund. The list of preferential professions provides for the possibility of access to early rest, even with a lack of experience. Of course, this may affect the size of the pension.
Where to get an early retirement pension
If you are on the first and second list, a citizen must apply to the pension fund (hereinafter PF) with a work book. Based on the information provided in it, PF employees decide whether to provide a preferential pension or not. If there are inaccuracies, errors or unclearly written information in the work book, then additional documentation is required to confirm the experience. It includes:
- form card t54;
- time sheet;
- HR account card.
In addition, the following documents are submitted to the Pension Fund:
- passport;
- SNILS (insurance number of an individual personal account);
- Application for the appointment of a pension.
After accepting the application, PF employees make a request to obtain confirmation that the profession in which the citizen worked is included in the classifier of professions for a preferential pension. In rare cases, a future pensioner is asked to provide a medical certificate stating that work has led to disability.
Refusal to grant benefits
After reviewing the documents, the PF specialists can make a negative decision in granting a preferential pension, justifying the refusal. The reasons for the negative answer may be:
- Unconfirmed fact of labor activity of a citizen at the specified enterprise.
- The legislative lists do not indicate the profession in which the citizen worked.
- Lack of evidence of seniority.
In case of disagreement with the refusal, every citizen after receiving it has the right to apply to the court to appeal the decision of the Pension Fund.
The right to a preferential pension
Every citizen working in an enterprise where working conditions are dangerous to health should remember the “pitfalls” that await him when applying for a preferential pension. The first who makes mistakes in the documentation and its maintenance is the employer. Often, employment contracts do not indicate the danger to the life and health of staff, which is why they are deprived of the right to additional harm benefits, as well as the possibility of early retirement. To prevent this from happening, you should carefully read the terms of the employment agreement. It is also necessary:
- Constantly monitor the personified record of their work. If desired, any employee has the right to request an extract with the specified experience of harmful work.
- Keep track of timely deductions to the PF.
It is also necessary to control the filling out of the work book so that it does not contain errors or extra characters. It must be filled out clearly and without a single blot.
Preferential pension for northerners and citizens of other professions
The program-list of preferential professions involves a special category of specialists. It includes citizens working in the north. In order to receive a preferential pension, it is necessary to work there for at least 15 years (for the far north) and 20 years for the MPKS. For women, a total length of service of at least 20 years is provided, and for men - at least 25 years.
In the legislation of the Russian Federation there are also small lists of professions, thanks to which people can count on preferential benefits for long service. They indicate certain specialties, such as geologists, drivers of buses and other passenger vehicles.
When working in different fields of activity and in various harmful specialties, you can get a preferential pension by summing up the experience and choosing the option that suits the amount of payments more. The final decision must be made by the citizen who has applied for a preferential pension.
For example, with mining employment for ten years, a person can have five years of experience at the COP. The northern pension is higher than that of a mining worker, so you should take it when calculating. Such people can retire at age 50.