Such trauma as sprain occurs most often in people leading an active lifestyle. Some professions also provoke this disease.
The main causative factors are traumatic injury (sprain) and overvoltage (heavy loads for a long time).
The severity of the injury is determined by three levels:
I degree - rupture of several fibers of the ligament, accompanied by slight pain;
II degree - moderate pain, swelling of the tissues, determined by disability.
Grade III - characterized by severe pain due to rupture of the ligament with subsequent joint instability.
A common trauma is damage to the muscles or damage to the joints of the muscles and tendons, sprain, treatment of which is necessary. The most severe pathology is expressed by a complete rupture of the joints of muscles and tendons, accompanied by severe pain with a loss of contractility of the muscle itself. Musicians, conveyor workers, cashiers, typists, by the nature of their activity, suffer from sprains due to repeated movements over a long period of time, i.e. from overstrain - (10 - 20%), athletes account for 30 to 50% of injuries of this kind. A serious degree of damage due to overtraining is sprain. Treatment is determined by the presence of constant pain that violates the state of physical activity. As well as tendon injuries, tendonitis (destruction of blood vessels with signs of inflammation), tendinosis (rupture of fibers within the tendon), tenosynovitis (inflammation near the tendon sheath) can occur.
Types of damage due to overtraining:
- elbow joints - tendons and muscles are damaged while playing tennis, golf, baseball;
- knee joints - with the appearance of friction syndrome or otibial tract, when tendons become inflamed from intense running, foot movements during swimming, inflammation of the tendons of the patella, which affects high jumpers, basketball players, volleyball players, especially when training starts before the recovery period is over after an injury;
- shoulder joints - with inflammation of the tendon of the biceps of the shoulder;
- patella bursitis, accompanied by pain, locally - edema, fever in the patella bag. The reason is repeated injuries;
- inflammation of the Achilles tendon, manifested by pain in the heel or leg (back surface), as well as swelling and thickening of the tendon.
Sprain - treatment includes two areas:
- first aid;
- treatment of sprain.
When the first symptoms appear, medical care consists of the following actions: we anesthetize, rest the injured limb (pressure bandage, and in the case of a serious injury - immobilization by applying a splint), locally - ice, to prevent severe swelling - give the limb an elevated, comfortable position. As a result of assessing the general condition of the victim, symptomatic drug therapy is carried out. Transportation of the victim to a specialized trauma unit, where stretching treatment will be carried out.
After a diagnosis is established, treatment is carried out by trauma doctors.
Sprain: treatment includes the entire amount of medical care in accordance with the degree of damage. This is an anti-inflammatory treatment, rehabilitation and rehabilitation therapy, physiotherapy, physiotherapy exercises.
All appointments, when sprain, methods of treatment, the amount of medical intervention, the duration of the recovery period after the injury, the termination of treatment and the determination of working capacity after treatment are determined by the doctor, are determined by the doctor.