The grammatical structure of speech is the interaction of words with each other in phrases and sentences. It combines morphemic, syntax and word formation. Its formation in children is due to the imitation of adult speech. Normally , the child’s grammatical structure develops without any help. Often there is a violation of this process. Our article provides information that will help to find out how the formation of the grammatical structure of speech in children occurs.
General grammar information
Grammar is a discipline that studies the structure of a language and its laws. Thanks to her speech becomes formed and understandable to everyone around. KD Ushinsky believed that grammar is the logic of language. In preschoolers who master it, intelligence is also formed.
The grammatical structure of speech is an object that has been formed over many years. The basis for its study is the knowledge of relationships and the surrounding reality. However, at first, a child’s speech is formless in terms of syntax.
It is important for parents to contribute to the development of the grammatical (syntactic) structure of children's speech. Otherwise, the child may have dysgraphia (a violation of written language). For prevention, it is necessary to use various methods and ensure that children develop comprehensively.
The following stages can be distinguished in the assimilation of the grammatical means of a language:
- understanding of the meaning of what is heard;
- borrowing words from the speech of adults and peers;
- the formation of other words by analogy with the already known;
- assessment of the correctness of the construction of speech.
The sequence of development of the syntactic structure of speech
Children learn grammar gradually. This is due to age-related features and complexities of the Russian language system. The grammatical system is fully formed in a child by 8 years.
The following stages are present in the work on the development of the grammatical structure:
- error correction;
- perfection of the syntactic side of speech;
- development of interest in the native language;
- control over the correctness of the speech of others.
Stages of formation of children's speech
Parents and teachers should contribute to the development of the morphological system of the Russian language. It is important that the child understands how to bow. It is also necessary to help to master syntax features.
In young and middle age, special attention is paid to morphological features. The grammatical structure of speech among preschoolers at this stage is only beginning to take shape. At this point, you will need to help the child understand how word formation occurs with the help of suffixes, prefixes and endings.
At primary school age, syntax is improved and complicated. At this stage, the child must find and correct errors in his speech.
Problems in the formation of the grammatical system in preschool children with OHP
It is no secret that the correct formation of colloquial and written speech plays an important role in the life of every person. Thanks to the grammatical structure, each of us can understand what others are saying.
The child’s speech is closely related to his mental and physical development. That is why it is important to pay attention to the presence of various disorders in a timely manner and get rid of them. Examination of the grammatical structure of speech in children proves that its formation occurs in strict sequence.
General speech underdevelopment is a disorder in which a child has a variety of complex speech disorders. There are three types of this deviation:
- 1st stage . It is characterized by a complete lack of speech.
- 2nd stage . In this case, speech is present. There are no gestures or babble words. Distortions are observed in the sound and syllabic system.
- 3rd stage . In this case, there is phonetic-phonemic and lexical-syntactic underdevelopment.
The grammatical structure of speech of preschool children with OHP is formed slowly. They have a disharmony of linguistic components, as well as morphological and syntactic systems. Experts say that such children have instability and a rapid loss of attention. They, unlike their peers, have reduced auditory memory and memory efficiency.
Correctional work with children with OHP is to develop a syntactic system. It causes the greatest number of problems for such preschoolers. For the effectiveness of correction, the child must understand what role the morpheme plays.
In children with general speech impairment there is a difficulty in choosing and combining grammatical means. It is explained by the incompleteness of some language operations.
Dysgraphia in the absence of grammatical speech
The grammatical structure of speech is the interaction of linguistic units with each other. Parents and teachers should carefully monitor its development in children. If violations occur, it is imperative to contact a specialist to prevent more serious consequences.
With the slow development of the syntactic structure, dysgraphia can occur. This disease is characterized by the inability to master the letter in the presence of a sufficient level of intelligence. A violation of grammatical agreement is one of the symptoms of deviation. It is important that parents do not scold the child for mistakes, but first of all try to figure out what their occurrence is connected with. Perhaps the child has a violation, the correction of which should be carried out by a specialist.
Agrammatic dysgraphia is due to the incompleteness of the lexical-syntactic structure of speech. In this case, it is difficult for the child to establish the sequence of words in the sentence. Often there are syntactic violations in which children miss significant members of the sentence. If these symptoms are present, any highly qualified specialist will diagnose that the development of the grammatical structure of speech is slow. This is possible if you do not want to study, or if there are violations.
Vocabulary and syntax development
Specialists distinguish two varieties of vocabulary acquisition - qualitative and quantitative. They are closely interconnected. The quantitative increase in vocabulary is due to the surrounding world of the child. Its replenishment is associated with the speech of adults and peers. It is known that today a child of three years old has about 3 thousand words in its vocabulary.
Accumulated words cannot by themselves serve as a means of cognition and communication. An important role is played by the formation of the grammatical structure of speech. For communication and cognition, the child needs to correctly build sentences and phrases using the basics of grammar.
With age, the child gradually begins to acquire a semantic load of the words that are in his stock. At first, errors in the use of roots, prefixes and suffixes can be observed.
By about three years of age, the formation of the grammatical structure of children's speech takes place. They begin to understand the main patterns of constructing sentences and phrases. At this age, the child declines words by cases and numbers. He can build simple and complex sentences. Gradually increasing vocabulary. At this stage, it is important to give the child a sufficient amount of attention and use developmental games.
The grammatical structure of speech of the senior preschool group is gradually being improved. Children learn the types of declensions and conjugations, the forms of alternating sounds and methods of word formation. At this stage, the child’s vocabulary plays an important role. At the age of 4-5 years, children can deliberately use them, and thanks to the grammatical system, modify them.
Modern methods of syntax formation
The development of the grammatical system is an important stage in the full speech and psychological development. Today, schools make high demands on future students. This is due to the fact that in recent years there has been a significant complication of the school curriculum.
Modern work on the formation of the basics of grammar contains the following categories:
- inflection;
- word formation;
- matching;
- formation of sentences and phrases.
With all of these fundamentals, the child should be familiar with it already in preschool age. Formation work should be carried out systematically. A huge role in this process is played by parents.
Methods for the formation of grammar speech
The methods by which grammar speech is formed include didactic games, dramatization games, exercises in word formation and their modification, as well as retelling of short stories.
The first two options are used when teaching children of primary and secondary preschool age. Exercise is effective in the formation of grammatical speech in a child 4-6 years old. However, modern manuals offer assignments for all age groups.
Techniques used to form grammar speech
The pedagogical techniques that are used to form grammatical speech are diverse. They are determined by the content, level of unusual material, speech characteristics of children and their age. The main techniques for teaching grammar skills can be called:
- example;
- explanation;
- matching;
- renewal.
Thanks to them, it is possible to exclude the occurrence of possible errors in constructing sentences and to demonstrate to the child the correct designs.
Didactic games
Recently, didactic games of the grammatical structure of speech have been especially popular. This is an effective tool to consolidate existing skills. In didactic games, the ball is often used. In this case, the adult should pass it on to the child and name some object, for example, "table". A preschooler needs to name the same subject, but in a diminutive form - a "table", etc.
Also effective is a game in which a child must draw an object on a piece of paper and then explain what exactly he painted (object, quantity, size, color).
To summarize
The grammatical structure of speech is the connection that exists between phrases and sentences. It is thanks to him that a person can communicate with other people. It is important to monitor the correct grammar from an early age. Any violations can indicate possible deviations in the development of the child.
If there are errors that are not related to ignorance of the rules, it is important to contact a speech therapist in a timely manner. For the formation of the grammatical system, preschool children often use didactic games. This method is one of the most effective.