Likbez is a term that appeared in Soviet Russia. What does it mean and how is it deciphered?
Educational program is an event whose goal is to teach adults to read and write. The concept had such a meaning in the twenties. Later, the term acquired a slightly different shade.
Background
At the end of the nineteenth century, Russia embarked on the path of industrial development. But the general literacy rate of the population left much to be desired. Among the inhabitants of Siberia, for example, few were able to write and read. According to statistics, this was only one in ten, if you do not take into account children under nine years of age. By 1914, the number of educated people in Russia increased slightly, but war, famine, and other negative phenomena led to the fact that their number decreased again.
By 1920, the number of educated people in the country was catastrophically small: some emigrated, others were shot. The new government has taken up the solution to this problem: a decree was passed to establish an extraordinary commission to eliminate illiteracy. From now on, every citizen had to learn to write and read.
Educational program is the fight against illiteracy. First of all, this state program was aimed at a special layer of the population - at homeless children, who after the Civil War appeared on the streets of the country countless. It was during these years that the teacher Makarenko began his activities, who considered it necessary not only to teach difficult teenagers the basics of literacy, but also to familiarize them with work.
Likopunkts
Homeless children were sent to special boarding schools. But in the country there were many people who did not commit crimes, were quite trustworthy, but could not even write their own name. Schools were created for them.
These institutions were called liquidation centers, and citizens over fifteen years old studied there. The program was quite concise. The training lasted no more than four months.
Down with illiteracy!
An educational and methodological base was created with the aim of holding an important event called educational program. These were, as a rule, brochures with simple phrases for reading and poems by Soviet poets. Especially for representatives of the working-peasant class, primers were published.
In 1925, the elimination of illiteracy turned into a program that focused not only on teaching the basics of writing and reading. Now, literacy was also understood as suggesting to the population an ideologically correct point of view.
By the beginning of the thirties, the number of educational institutions of the educational program increased several times. Over twenty million citizens attended these institutions. According to data from 1929, the percentage of illiterate residents of the USSR between the ages of fifteen and sixty was no more than 10%.