The HGB assay is a common and informative assay, better known as a hemoglobin assay. It is a compound of iron and protein that stains human blood red. Its main task is to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
The role of hemoglobin
The degree of this protein in the blood affects all metabolic processes that occur in the cells, without exception. With its lack, the patient is diagnosed with anemia (anemia). The level of hemoglobin (HGB), which is contained in the blood, can be raised if the diet contains foods such as liver, beef, dairy products, egg yolk, legumes, germinated cereals, red berries, and beet juice. Healthy and beloved sweets - dates and dark chocolate - also lead to it. increase.
In this article, we will consider what the HGB indicator in a blood test means. Decryption will also be described.
This iron-containing protein comes in several forms:
- HbO 2 - hemoglobin and oxygen, appears mainly in the blood of arteries and stains it in a bright red color.
- HbH - it is also called reduced hemoglobin, which has already delivered oxygen to the cells.
- HbCO 2 - carbon dioxide and iron-containing protein, the compound contains venous blood, which gives it a maroon shade.
- HbCO - the compound appears in the blood when carbon monoxide is inhaled, in such cases, the iron-containing protein is not able to connect with oxygen and transfer it.
- HbMet - appears due to the influence of chemicals on the body (nitrates, nitrites, medicines).
- HbS - hemoglobin that changes the shape of red blood cells; occurs in people who suffer from drepanocytosis.
- HbA 1C is a biochemical indicator of blood, which reflects the average value of sugar in the blood over a long period. This is hemoglobin, the level of which increases with a constant elevated blood sugar level.
Very often, HGB is detected in a blood test. Decoding (the norm for children and adults is well known) should be carried out only by a highly qualified specialist.
The last type of pathological hemoglobin appears more often than others. If it is in the blood, then diabetes is judged, even when it develops in a latent form.
The degree of physiological iron-containing protein in the blood will reflect the KLA, which surrenders during the medical examination (blood from the finger). In order to unambiguously determine the content and quantity of hemoglobin, you need to donate blood for biochemical analysis (as a rule, they say about donating blood from a vein).
The doctor himself determines which type of analysis to take - general or biochemical - to determine the HGB in a blood test. Decryption will be discussed below.
Indications for appointment analysis
A complete blood count is taken in such cases:
- medical examination,
- monitoring the effectiveness of ongoing treatment,
- diagnosis of blood ailments,
- the appointment of certain medications.
A general analysis is also carried out in order to trace the metabolic processes in the human body and understand what chemical elements are needed. In addition, blood samples are taken for analysis during pregnancy.
Decoding HGB in a blood test for children is of the utmost importance. The more professionally it is carried out, the more accurately the diagnosis will be made.
The main reason for a blood test for hemoglobin with an average sugar value is diabetes. It is prescribed for diabetes symptoms (dry mouth on an ongoing basis, frequent urination, prolonged fatigue, unstable emotional background). In addition, a blood test is performed to assess the risks of diabetes complications.
There are certain features when submitting biomaterial for analysis. The more carefully the patient complies with the doctor’s instructions, the more accurate and reliable the results will be. Decoding HGB in a blood test is quite simple. It is necessary to compare the obtained value with normal indicators. About it further.
How to donate blood to HGB?
KLA is not associated with any particular training. Blood donation is necessary on an empty stomach - eight to twelve hours after eating. During forced fasting, you can use only plain or mineral water. Morning is the most suitable time period for a blood test. Increased HGB (decryption will help determine this) for certain pathologies.
A blood test for glycated hemoglobin also does not imply special preparation. There is no need to take it hungry, you can drink anything before delivery, you don’t need to give up physical or emotional stress, it will not affect the result and taking medications (except for medicines for diabetes). The study has greater reliability, in contrast to a simple sugar test. However, this is an expensive study and you can not pass it everywhere.
The UAC surrender algorithm is familiar to almost everyone. The doctor takes the right amount of blood from the finger, after a couple of days you can get the result. If you contact a commercial medical organization, then this will be done faster.
What is the norm of HGB in a blood test? Decryption will be discussed later.
Norm
In women and men, as well as in children, the HGB norm values differ.
Hemoglobin in the blood in women is less present than in the stronger sex. In a child under the age of one year, this indicator will also be reduced. The norm for a man is 130-160 g / l, for a woman 120-140 g / l.
Normal values for children are shown in the table.
Decryption
Hemoglobin, including glycosylated, can be measured in various units - gram per liter, micromole per liter, unit per liter. The concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin is often indicated as a percentage of physiological hemoglobin.
One or another change in the characteristics (in both directions) can indicate deviations or a predisposition to them.
HGB upgraded
An overestimated hemoglobin level may indicate the presence of cardiovascular, intestinal or oncological diseases. A high rate often appears after a blood transfusion. A lack of folic acid and vitamin B 12 also causes an increase in HGB.
But increased hemoglobin does not always indicate pathology. People who live in highlands or work at heights (pilots) are always exposed to a high level of physiological iron-containing protein.
The norm of HGB in children in the analysis of blood transcript must be taken into account.
So, an increase in hemoglobin is associated with:
- dehydration;
- malformation of the pulmonary system or heart;
- pulmonary insufficiency;
- heart failure;
- urinary system disease;
- leukemia.
Reduced HGB on analysis sheet
A low hemoglobin concentration often comes from malnutrition and lifestyle, actual or hidden blood loss (injuries, operations, gum disease, donation).
Reduced levels are often observed during pregnancy. It is because of this that during the period of carrying the baby, women need to very carefully control their diet, include a large number of products containing iron in it.
If the characteristics are very different from the norm, most likely, serious diseases occur in the body. The correct diagnosis and the quality of subsequent treatment may depend on the accuracy of the finished analysis results, so you need to choose a laboratory seriously.
Lowering the level indicates:
- insufficient iron;
- the presence of diseases of the blood system;
- vitamin deficiency;
- severe bleeding.
We examined what HGB means in a blood test. Decryption is also provided.