In the article, we consider what vertical EOS means.
To diagnose heart disease and determine the effectiveness of the functioning of this body, they resort to a large number of methods, including the determination of EOS. This abbreviation refers to the indicator of the electrical axis of the human heart .
Description
EOS is defined as a diagnostic method that displays the electrical parameters of the heart. The value that sets the position of the electrical axis of the heart is the summed value of the bioelectric processes that occur when it is reduced. In the process of cardiological diagnosis, the direction of EOS means a lot.
Under the human heart is meant an organ of three-dimensional structure, which has a volume. Its position in medicine is determined and represented in a virtual coordinate grid. During its activity, atypical myocardial fibers intensively generate electrical pulses. This system is one-piece, it conducts electrical signals. It is from there that electrical impulses begin, which make parts of the heart move, determine its rhythm of work. Literally a split second before contractions, electrical changes occur that form the value of the EOS.
Sinus rhythm, EOS parameters are reflected on the cardiogram; take indicators with a diagnostic apparatus with electrodes attached to the human body. Each of them catches bioelectric signals that are emitted by parts of the myocardium. The electrodes are projected in three dimensions onto a grid of coordinates, allowing you to calculate and determine the angle of the electrical axis, which passes through the areas of the most active electrical processes.
Many people wonder if the vertical position of the EOS is dangerous.
Why is it determined
Almost all ECG writings deal in detail with issues that are related to the electrical cardiac axis. Its direction is a significant parameter that needs to be determined. However, in practice, it does not help too well in the diagnosis of most heart pathologies, numbering more than a hundred. The decoding of the axial direction is really useful in determining the four main states of the organ:
- hypertrophy of the right ventricle: an axial deviation to the right becomes a distinctive symptom of its increase; at the same time, with suspected hypertrophy of the left ventricle, the displacement of the heart axis is not necessary at all, and the determination of such a parameter in its diagnosis will help little;
- blockade of the anteroposterior branch of the left leg of the bundle of His;
- ventricular tachycardia; some of its forms are distinguished by a deviation to the left or an indefinite position of the axis, in some cases there is a turn to the right;
- block of the posterior-upper branch of the left leg of the bundle of His.
Concept specificity
There are several variations in the location of the cardiac electrical axis, under certain conditions its position changes. This does not in all cases indicate diseases and disorders. In a healthy human body, depending on the constitution, anatomy, the EOS deviates within the range of 0 ... + 90˚ (it is considered normal with a normal sinus rhythm + 30 ... + 90).
Vertical EOS is observed when it is within + 70 ... + 90˚. This is typical for tall people with a thin physique (asthenics).
Often there are intermediate types of addition. Thus, the position of the cardiac electrical axis also changes, for example, it can become semi-vertical. Such displacements are not a pathology, they are typical for people with normal body functions.
ECG formulation
In conclusion, the ECG may be such a wording: "Vertical EOS, sinus rhythm, heart rate in minutes. - 77 "- this is normal. It should be noted that the concept of “rotation of the EOS around the axis”, the mark of which can be in the electrocardiogram, does not indicate any violations. Such a deviation in itself is not regarded as a diagnosis.
There is a group of ailments that differ just in vertical sinus EOS: various kinds of cardiomyopathy, especially with dilated form; ischemia; birth defects; chronic heart failure.
With these pathologies, a sinus rhythm of the heart is disturbed.
Left position
If the electric axis is shifted to the left, the left ventricle with myocardium (LVH) is hypertrophied. This specificity of the violation is the most frequent. This pathology has the value of additional symptoms, not independent, speaks of overload of the ventricle, a change in its working process.
These disorders occur with protracted arterial hypertension. Pathology is accompanied by a strong load on the vessels that deliver blood to the organ, therefore, ventricular contractions occur very strongly, its muscles increase in size and hypertrophy. The same process is noted with cardiomyopathy, ischemia, etc.
Left localization of the electric axis, LVH are also diagnosed with defects in the valve system, the sinus rhythm of contractions is violated. Pathology is based on the following processes:
- weak aortic valve, while part of the blood returns back to the ventricle, overloading it;
- aortic stenosis, in which the exit of blood from the ventricle is difficult.
The listed violations are congenital or acquired. Often the cause of the latter is rheumatism suffered by the patient. Change in ventricular volume is noted in people who are professionally involved in sports. Such patients are strongly advised to consult a specialist in order to establish whether physical activity is harmful to health.
Deviation of the vertical position of the EOS and sinus rhythm is also detected with conduction defects in the ventricle, with blockade heart disorders.
Deviation to the right
In the right ventricle, hypertrophic processes accompany the deviation of the EOS to the right. The right area of the organ is responsible for the flow of blood to the lungs, where it is saturated with oxygen. Characterized by GVH for diseases of the respiratory system: pulmonary obstructive processes of a chronic type, asthma. If the disease lasts a long time, it provokes ventricular hypertrophic changes. Other causes of pathological processes are the same as for deviations to the left side: rhythm disturbances, ischemia, chronic heart failure, blockade and cardiomyopathy.
Consequences of displacement, features
Are sinus arrhythmias and vertical EOS dangerous?
EOS is shifted, which is determined on the cardiogram. Additional research and a doctor’s consultation are required when the deviation leaves the normal limits set in the range 0 ... + 90˚.
Factors and processes that affect the displacement of the heart axis are accompanied by clinically severe symptoms, and require additional additional examinations. Particular attention should be paid to factors when, with previously existing stable values of axial deviation, an ECG change or a sinus rhythm defect suddenly appears. Such a symptom is one of the signs of blockade.
Deviation of the axis itself does not need therapy, it refers to cardiological parameters that require first of all the establishment of the cause of the appearance. Only a cardiologist will determine if treatment is needed in each individual situation.
Sinus arrhythmia is characterized by a change in the duration of the intervals between contractions of the heart, which occurs due to a disorder in the conduct or generation of electrical impulses in the myocardium. Heart rate can be within normal limits (60–90 beats per minute), as well as be disturbed. Arrhythmias have a different nature, causes and severity.
With this problem, people turn to a therapist, but the treatment of the disease may be the responsibility of a cardiologist, neurologist, or even a psychotherapist.
Sinus rhythm and vertical EOS position
In the heart there are cells that create an impulse by a certain number of beats per minute. They are located in the atrioventricular and sinus nodes, in the Purkinje fibers entering the ventricular tissue. On the ECG, the sinus rhythm with vertical EOS means that the sinus node is directly responsible for generating such a pulse (50 is the norm). If the value is different, then the pulse is generated by another node issuing other numbers. A healthy heart sinus rhythm is normally normal, heart rate is different, depending on age. The rhythm frequency in newborns can range from 60 to 150 per minute. The rhythm frequency with aging slows down and approaches 6-7 years to adult values. In a healthy adult, this figure is from 60 to 80 per minute.
Vertical EOS in a child
In infants and newborns, a marked right deviation of the axis on the ECG is noted, by the year in almost all children the EOS becomes vertical. This is explained physiologically: in the heart, the right departments to some extent prevail over the left both in electrical activity and in mass, the position of the heart can also change, that is, rotations around the axes. In many children, by the age of two years, the axis is still vertical, in 30% it becomes normal.
In preschool and school age, the normal axis prevails, more often the vertical axis can occur, and the horizontal axis is less common.
We examined what vertical EOS means.