Starting with the middle school, children learn to perform morphological analysis of the verb. An example for the children will be shown by the teacher for the first time, and later they themselves will easily carry it out. In order to correctly complete this task, you need to know what features the verb has, the features that it has, its role in various types of sentences.
Where to begin?
In order to correctly analyze a verb, you need to know its difference from other parts of speech. He gives the speech dynamism, makes it "move", creating various images. Without him, we would have been very hard. Try to talk about the events of one day without using verbs. Difficult? Undoubtedly. After all, it is the verb that gives expressiveness and movement to our story. Of course, you can try to get by with only nouns, but apart from naming events that took place during the day, we can not say anything.
When you take up the morphological analysis of a verb, an example of which we will write later, first learn to determine its initial form. Otherwise, it is called an infinitive. For example, find out what it is with the verb "run away." To do this, we ask a question to this form - what are they doing? Now we can easily determine the infinitive by asking "what to do?" To run away. This is its initial form. Thus, we conclude that the infinitive is determined by the following questions: "what to do?" or "what to do?".
Conjugation
We continue to find out how to do the morphological analysis of the verb. To do this, recall that each part of the speech has its own special characteristics. Those that never change are called permanent. These include conjugation (1 and 2), type (perfect and imperfect), as well as transitivity. Let us dwell on them in more detail.
Conjugation, which is a change in verbs in number (singular or plural) and person (three of them), is easy to determine. Morphological analysis of a word (a verb in this case) involves the ability to distinguish the first conjugation from the second.
Usually begin with an explanation of the second conjugation. Note that most often it is determined by an indefinite form. The rule says that the verbs of the second conjugation end in "it". Here, of course, there were some exceptions: this list is eleven words. The others include the first: on "eat", "ot", "ot" and others. But just not to "it." There are two exceptions in this group: shaving and laying.
In shock forms, they look at personal endings. If this is 1 sp., Then -et (, you, -et, etc.) in the singular, -out (s) in the plural. In the second, it’s different: in the singular it will be -it, and in the plural -at (yat).
Transitivity
The next constant attribute will tell you how to do the morphological analysis of the verb further. There are transitive verbs and not. It is not always easy to determine which one to take the word to. Here the rule is as follows: we look at the phrase. If the verb is used without an excuse, and even with a noun that will be in the accusative case, then it is a transitive.
Examples: cross the road, iron trousers. And in fact, and in another example, there is no excuse and noun. stand in vin. case. Do not confuse with the "put in hand" example. Here the pretext indicates a lack of transition.
It is worth remembering the words with the suffix “sya” (the so-called reflexive verbs). They are never transitional.
View
This is the next sign that does not change in verbs. There are two of them too.
Imperfect appearance differs both in meaning and grammatically. It is determined by the question "what to do?". Such verbs are characterized by incompleteness of action. For example, to run, walk, glue - they all indicate the process. It is not known whether it will be completed, as it is still ongoing.
The perfect form, based on the definition, includes verbs denoting a completed process. Run Away, Go Away, Glue - thanks to the prefixes, these words now have a completed action.
Knowing these features, we found out how to make a morphological analysis of a verb by its permanent attributes. Now let's move on to the others.
Inclination as an Intermittent Attribute
The verb is a special group in Russian. It has many signs, both permanent and those that can change. Morphological analysis of the verb, an example of which we give a little later, replenished with another distinctive feature. In addition to the number (singular and plural), face (1, 2 and 3) and time, it has an inclination.
The most common and largest group. It includes words that do not differ in any special features. It can be used in all times and numbers: they fly, they come, they are found.
When we ask someone for something, we often use the verbs of this mood: come, draw, say. That is, we command that in the literal sense means order. If we are addressing a group of people or an older person, then we will ask politely when addressing you: do, think, wake up. So we just add the plural suffix “te”.
It is easy to distinguish it from others due to the inseparable particle “would”: they would keep silent, print, study. This inclination requires some condition, therefore it is called so.
Plan
Knowing all the features, we can compose for ourselves a sample of the morphological analysis of the verb.
1. Uncertain (it is also called initial) form.
2. Permanent symptoms (those that do not change under any conditions):
- conjugation (at the end or infinitive);
- view;
- transitivity.
3. Intermittent symptoms (may change the word):
- mood (for the indicative we define the time, the rest do not have it);
- number;
- gender (determine it only in the past tense);
- face.
4. The role of the (syntactic) verb in this sentence.
According to this plan, you can safely make a morphological analysis of the verb. Example: Petya hurried to the lessons.
1) Early form: in a hurry.
2) 1 spr. view, intransitive.
3) Indicative incline., Singular. Number, masculine, third person.
4) In the sentence acts as the main member, the predicate.