Drainage systems are a necessary component of any private home ownership. Sewerage is initially designed so that it eliminates the formation of traffic jams and congestion, which create an unpleasant odor and can disrupt the drainage system. To this end, the sewage system is supplemented by special devices that ensure the treatment of drains and pipes. If you properly design and carry out the installation of such an infrastructure, then it will last for many years without emergency situations.
Sewage device
Today, the main material for the implementation of drainage systems on the site are high density plastic pipes (PVC). They have become popular due to their lightness and resistance to corrosion processes, and their strength in these operating conditions is not inferior to metal counterparts. In addition, means for cleaning sewers in such systems are easier to implement. However, the use of cast-iron pipes is also advisable, but they are more expensive.
In the finished system at the site, the movement of water through the pipes is carried out independently. To ensure gravity flow pipes are laid under a certain slope. Typically, the sewage system acts as a connecting element between the zones of collection of effluents and the external reservoir or collector.
Mechanical method to eliminate blockages
A tool for performing cleaning operations in this way can be found in every home - this is a plunger and a plumbing cable. Before using these devices, it is worth trying to get rid of plugs with boiling water. It acts well on fat deposits, due to which clogging of the pipes occurs. If this method does not help, you can use a plunger. Through simple manipulations, the sewage system is cleaned, the pipes of which must be filled with water before this, otherwise the effect will be minimal.
The plumbing cable has a special handle for rotation and a spiral tip. There are also models with the ending in the form of a brush and a brush. But it is important to remember that too rough cleaning of sewer pipes with rigid elements can damage some types of rubber and plastic products. During the cleaning process, you can intuitively determine the nature of the blockage - as a rule, the cable allows you to physically eliminate traffic jams of any complexity.
Chemical cleaning
In the maintenance of plumbing communications, the use of chemicals is not uncommon. They are effective and easy to use, but you should adhere to the instructions for use, so as not to get burns.
In addition to folk recipes in the form of soda and vinegar, you can try special preparations based on alkali and sodium hydroxide. The advantage of this combination is the effective cleaning of the sewage system by dissolving all common types of salts, acids and fats, the concentration of which provokes the formation of plugs. The disadvantages of such a chemical include the risk of damage to PVC pipes. But the drug is allowed to service metal pipes. Specialized compounds used for plastic sewage are developed on the basis of hydrochloric acid. Such funds cope with lime formations, fat, remove hair and food residues.
Hydrodynamic sewer cleaning
This is a modern method of getting rid of congestion in sewer pipes, which is often used in private homes. The principle of operation of this technology is based on high pressure water exposure. Accordingly, hydrodynamic cleaning of the sewage system involves the use of special equipment. A few years ago in such operations involved complex installations on a car chassis. At the moment, the development of plumbing equipment allows the production of small-sized hydrodynamic units that can easily eliminate plugs in pipes with a diameter of 5 cm or more. The rate of blockage elimination is determined by the power of the machine.
Absorbent wells and soil filtration
Recently, such wells have become the most demanded while ensuring the removal of storm sewers. By design, this structure is a concrete (or plastic) ring-shaped system with a diameter of 1 m, immersed in the ground. Direct cleaning of storm sewers is realized through drainage flooring, including sand, gravel or sand and gravel strata. The upper part of the absorbent well is covered with geotextiles. When constructing such a structure, it is important to observe the rules for the location of septic tanks - the minimum distance from the house is 2 m.
Cleaning using natural materials and the participation of the soil layer does not seem difficult to install and provides good filtration results. To understand its operation, it should be recalled that previously the effluents enter a special sump, where they settle, separate and undergo fermentation. Next is the treatment of wastewater in the ground. At this stage, the principle of soil filtration is fulfilled. The system device uses a layer of washed gravel and geotextiles. The rest of the infrastructure is also made up of drainage pipes and connecting components. During the cleaning process, the organic and mineral elements dissolve - at this stage, bacteria are retained, and the filtered effluents pass further to the groundwater.
Biological treatment with septic tank
If the conditions on the site do not allow the implementation of the purification system on the natural principles of filtration, then one option remains - the installation of a biological septic tank, for example, aerobic. In most cases, the sewage system, the wastewater treatment of which is carried out in this way, lasts longer due to high-quality pre-filtration.
The object is located underground and in the finished form is a closed tank, divided into cameras. One of them provides for the presence of a frame with useful (in terms of filtration) aerobic bacteria. Using a special compressor, air flows into the septic tank, which is sprayed by the diffuser. This is the biological treatment of wastewater by fine bubble aeration.
In suburban households, this approach is advisable to use if permanent residence is assumed. This is due to the fact that activated sludge is used in septic tanks of the aerobic type, which, in the absence of effluent, loses its functional qualities.
Ponds and ponds in the sewage system
The collection of rain and melt water can be organized in an artificial reservoir, and then use them in the irrigation of the site. In addition, part of the effluent will naturally evaporate. The slopes and bottom of the reservoir must be waterproofed.
If the soil surface is poorly permeable (a layer of clay with silt is present), then the water resistance will remain without outside interference. If the bottom and the walls of the reservoir are made of sand, you will have to create artificial layers of insulation - you can use the same clay or an airtight film. It happens that the sewage system is arranged on a site with elevated groundwater. For this reason, during periods of intense rainfall, it is important to monitor the level of the reservoir - it should not overflow.
Where is the treatment plant located?
The best option would be a flat and free area, on which there is a low level of water and permeable soil. These are ideal conditions for creating sewage treatment. But in most cases, you have to deal with problem areas, which, in fact, leads to a variety of approaches to wastewater filtration.
When planning where to install a drain or septic tank, it is important to consider the configuration in which the sewage system is made. At the same time, cleaning should eliminate the risks of contamination of groundwater, drinking well and residential facilities. To minimize this probability, it is advisable to leave a few meters from the structure to the toilet, garden and home. In an extreme case, you need to make sure the reliability of the filtration system itself.