Modern training systems are based on communication, that is, they are communicative in nature. The teacher has an important task - to teach children to use their native language correctly, to instill a desire to regularly improve it and enrich it, competently and fully express their thoughts, to prepare for effective speech communication and information exchange. For these purposes, the speech workout is the best suited, which helps to develop pronunciation skills, expressive reading, and also prepares for creative activity. Such classes received a lot of positive reviews, both among professional teachers and among parents of schoolchildren.
Goals and objectives
Speech warm-up (speech charging) is a set of short dynamic exercises. This is an important aspect of the education of preschoolers and primary school children who have not yet reached a high level of oral communication and fluent reading skills. Also, a speech warm-up for children is held at the beginning of the reading lesson to improve the articulation of sounds and training clear speech. The regular conduct of such exercises helps to quickly eliminate defects in pronunciation of sounds that cause difficulties for children, which is also confirmed by the responses of speech therapists. The concept of speech warm-up can vary depending on what purpose the teacher is guided by when performing a particular set of exercises. It is advisable to distinguish between speech warm-ups to develop articulation skills, as well as to improve communication skills.
Guidelines
When preparing a warm-up, the following recommendations should be followed:
- It is necessary to carefully select material for classes, based on an assessment of the psychological and pedagogical situation in the classroom.
- Exercises should contribute to the development of the horizons of children and replenish their active vocabulary.
- You should perform the exercises regularly, for several minutes at the beginning of the lesson.
- Gradually move from simple to complex.
- Give children the opportunity to express themselves creatively, to show curiosity.
Speech breathing
An important preparatory step for performing a speech warm-up is the development of the ability to properly inhale and exhale, hold your breath. The famous teacher, Russian language methodologist M.R. Lvov, put the breathing technique in the first place. Technique for breathing exercises:
- breathe through the nose;
- do not raise your shoulders;
- inhale briefly, exhale gently;
- Do not puff out your cheeks;
- take breaks between exercises to avoid dizziness.
Breathing exercises are performed without a voice or with a voice. Exercises without a voice can be performed in a game form using improvised materials. For example, in the exercise “Football”, students must blow a ball of paper out of the gate, in the exercise “Butterfly” - make a paper butterfly hanging on a string fly. Sometimes it’s enough to just connect a fantasy - carefully blow on an imaginary dandelion or blow out candles on an invisible birthday cake, without blowing your cheeks.
Speech warm-up to develop articulation skills
This type of warm-up speech is traditionally carried out in several stages:
- Exercises for the development of the speech apparatus or articulation gymnastics. They are aimed at training the articulatory apparatus (tongue, lips, soft palate).
- Exercises for practicing diction make it possible to instill in students the skill of clearly pronouncing words, they teach accuracy in constructing utterances and self-control.
- Intonation exercises allow students to acquire the skill of expressing thoughts with different emotional colors, as well as recognizing other people's emotions by voice.
Speech workout pattern for developing articulation skills
Articulatory gymnastics - exercises "Frog", "Elephant", "Watch". During these exercises, children train their lips and tongue in a playful way. Warm-up speech for articulation is performed at the expense of the rhythm can also set a simple thematic rhyme.
Diction exercises. Pupils clearly pronounce a series of vowels (i-e-a-o-o-o-s) , and then syllables ( ar-or-ur-yr, ry-ro-re-ry ). Pure words. Also quite common and effective speech workout. Reading pure tongues is aimed at repeatedly repeating a sentence consisting of words with complex articulation ( Four turtles have four turtles each ).
Intonation exercises. " In the winter cold, everyone is young . " You need to read the saying with different intonations - first with a feeling of joy, then sadness and surprise.
Communication workout for developing communication skills.
Question answer. It makes you think broadly, show curiosity, provides a tool for finding the right information. Primary school students experience difficulties when they have to take the initiative in talking and ask various questions. Therefore, at the initial stages it is recommended to give not too generalized, specific tasks.
Dialogue game. Helps students to find themselves in a new communicative situation, makes imagination and ingenuity work, and contributes to their emotional disclosure.
Description of the situation. It teaches you how to build a monologue, talk about something relatively long and coherently. For the development of horizons can be performed using reproductions of famous works of Russian artists.
Imagination Speech Workout Pattern
The answer is a question. This is a kind of question-answer speech warm-up, only it is performed the other way around. You can come up with a funny name that children will love, for example, the game “Inside Out” or “Scruffy-Turn”. At the beginning of the exercise, the teacher reads a short story or shows a picture in which the children themselves make up the story. Then each student receives a card with the answer ("Four", "In the forest"), questions to which he must come up with independently. (“How many paws does a fox have?”, “Where does she live?).
Dialogue game. After the children practice asking questions, they can begin to ask them each other. One student (“ guest” ) receives a card on which his role is written, but does not show to others. The task of the rest is to guess who is in front of them by asking various questions. Subjects can vary: professions, magical creatures, fruits and vegetables.
Useful exercises for teaching a foreign language
Speaking warm-up is especially important in foreign language classes. The speech warm-up at the English lessons allows the teacher to make the start of the lesson bright and attract the attention of students, helps children to tune in to the lesson and switch from their native language to a foreign one. On the one hand, such exercises in the English language can be aimed at repeating and consolidating the material learned in the previous lesson. On the other hand, a speech workout can serve as an introduction to a new topic. There are several types of such exercises:
- Phonetic workout speech. English is difficult for students when it comes to pronouncing the interdental sounds “c” and “z”, which are absent in the native language. The phonetic warm-up helps prepare the speech apparatus for the pronunciation of complex sounds. This type includes tongue twisters, rhymes, phonetic "ladders" ( we - win - wind - winter - window ).
- Lexical. As a lexical speech warm-up, you can use the “snowball” game, when each student adds one word to the initial sentence. The teacher offers a sentence model and shows an example: “ A lady went to the market and bought ... a pumpkin . " Pupils continue to add one word to the sentence, while repeating all the previous options. The task contributes to repeated repetition. Remembering the word order in a sentence that has gone through the form of irregular verbs ( went , bought ), vocabulary on a specific topic is worked out.
- Grammatical. Helps to fix a specific grammatical topic. Work can be built in a question-answer form. For example, students stand in a circle, throw a ball to each other and alternately ask the question “Have you ever ...?”;
- The interactive speech workout in English helps to develop the skill of forming different types of questions, as well as a short and concise answer. The teacher offers students cards with a description of the situation and the distribution of roles. For example, acquaintance, dialogue in the library, dialogue in the clinic, etc.
Throughout life, human speech is improved and enriched. The most important period in its formation and development is childhood. At this time, the active development of language tools takes place, the vocabulary is replenished and activated, reading and writing skills are emerging. Speech workouts in elementary school help children move to a new level of speech activity, improve pronunciation, learn to communicate, and also overcome the emotional barrier and believe in their abilities.