In the article, we will consider where the cardial section of the stomach is located. We will also find out what diseases in this department can develop.
The coordinated work of all organs and systems ensures the normal functioning of the human body. Of considerable importance in this process is the proper functioning of the digestive system. The stomach is the main organ of the gastrointestinal tract. It consists of muscle fibers and has a high degree of elasticity, which allows it to stretch, increasing in size up to seven times. Each department of the stomach is responsible for the implementation of a certain functional. Their correct performance of their duties determines the proper digestive process.
Description
The stomach is a hollow space in the digestive system, resembling a bag in appearance. The organ serves to combine the upper part of the esophagus and the lower part of the duodenum. The stomach includes several departments, each of which performs certain functions, and in general, the organ contributes to the normal functioning of the human body.
After ingestion, the food is thoroughly chewed by a person, and then swallowed. Next, roughly processed with teeth and saliva food is lowered into the stomach. It accumulates the eaten food, part of which is digested with hydrochloric acid and special gastric enzymes. The latter allow you to break down fats and proteins. After the stomach, food enters the far sections of the digestive system, namely the gastrointestinal tract.
Functions
The functional responsibilities of the stomach are quite numerous. The main ones are the following:
- Preservation of eaten food.
- Monitoring the production of gastric juice.
- The implementation of chemical processing of food.
- Food promotion and timely cleansing of the contents of the body.
- The absorption of various nutrients is mostly carried out precisely in the stomach.
- Bactericidal effect.
- Protection against harmful effects.
During the digestive process, all residual metabolic products are eliminated. This also applies to substances that adversely affect the functioning of the endocrine glands.
Few people know where the cardiac section of the stomach is located.
Departments of the stomach
The gastrointestinal tract includes several main departments. Each of them has a number of functions and to one degree or another is involved in the process of food processing. The following main sections of the stomach are distinguished:
- Cardiac section of the stomach. Located near the heart, which explains its name. This department is located between the esophagus and the stomach, in the area of the cardiac pulp. The cardiac section consists of muscle fibers. The pulp does not allow food to enter the esophagus.
- Stomach floor. This department is located directly at the esophagus. In external characteristics, it resembles a dome or arch. Air accumulates here, swallowed with food. In the mucous membrane of the gastric fundus there are many glands that are responsible for the production of hydrochloric acid, which is necessary for the digestion process.
- The body of the stomach. The largest part of the digestive organ. The body begins in the cardiac section, and ends in the pyloric region. Eaten food accumulates in the stomach.
- Pyloric. Another name for this department is the gatekeeper. This department is located below the others, then the small intestine originates. The pyloric section includes a cave and a canal, which also perform certain functions. The canal passes food into the duodenum, and the cave retains the digested portion of the food for further processing.
In aggregate, all departments, including the cardiac and pyloric departments of the stomach, ensure the normal functioning of the digestive system. Each department processes food for a certain time, which also depends on the nature of the foods used. Fruit juice is digested in a third of an hour, and the meat dish will be in the stomach for at least 6 hours.
Stomach Disease: Ulcer
There are a number of diseases specific to the cardiac section of the stomach. An ulcer is one of the most common pathologies. This disease is seasonal in nature and is accompanied by soreness and other unpleasant symptoms. An ulcer of this department is slightly less common than in the body or the bottom of the stomach, as well as in the intestine. However, due to the accelerated rhythm of life, constant stress and poor environmental conditions, the number of cases of ulcers of this particular department has been steadily growing recently.
Hereditary nature
The tendency to peptic ulcer of the cardiac section of the stomach can be hereditary. The factors listed above trigger the genetic program, which leads to ulcers. Another genetically determined cause of an ulcer is an increased activity in the production of gastric secretions. As a result, there is a violation of the balance between negative effects and immune defense.
For an ulcer of the cardiac section of the stomach, the appearance of soreness after eating, when irritation of the mucous membrane occurs, is characteristic. The main tactic for treating peptic ulcer disease is to follow a special diet. The first thing to do after an established diagnosis is to remove any stomach irritating foods from the diet. Diet involves the absence of rich broths, fried foods and stews or fish.
In addition, you will need to exclude from the diet any sauces, smoked products, pickled and salted vegetables, fruits that contain too much acid. Fruits are best consumed in the form of jelly, since it is such a substance that can envelop the gastric walls and accelerate the healing of ulcers. Under the ban is the use of pepper and various seasonings, salt should be in strictly limited quantities. From drinks green tea is allowed.
Sometimes in especially advanced cases, in addition to diet, surgical intervention may be required. This may mean that ongoing conservative therapy does not produce a result, and relapses of peptic ulcer exacerbations are becoming more frequent.
Polyp of the cardiac section of the stomach
Polyps are also very common in the gastrointestinal tract. They are neoplasms on the mucous membrane. There is polyposis in all parts of the stomach, but the most common option is antrum-pyloric. Less common is polyposis in the cardiac region of the stomach.
Polyps in this department are also called cardia, since they are very close to the heart. Between the esophagus and the stomach, as mentioned above, there is a cardiac pulp, which does not allow food to pass back into the esophagus from the gastric cavity. When a disturbance in the functioning of the stomach occurs, the acid enters the esophagus, which leads to inflammation and its further transformation into a malignant formation of the cardial part of the stomach.
Operation Methods
Treatment for polyposis involves surgical removal. There are several methods for performing the operation:
- Laser or radio wave surgery. There are no contraindications for these methods. They are minimally invasive and do not require a long recovery period.
- Endoscopic surgery. It is done through a small incision using a flexible manipulator. Thus, it is possible to remove polyps from the cardiac section.
- Resection. It is an extreme measure and is used in advanced cases when minimally invasive methods of treatment do not give positive dynamics. After resection, a person has to go through a long rehabilitation period, completely reconsider his lifestyle.
Submucosal formations
These are pathological formations growing inside the gastric walls. Benign submucous formations of the cardiac section of the stomach, such as lioma, hemangioma, leimioma, fibroma, etc., as well as malignant tumors, such as fibrosarcoma or leiomyosarcoma, are distinguished. In the case of a benign course of the pathological process, there is no danger to human life.
The development of pathological formations occurs in a latent form. The sizes of tumors can be various. With a benign course, their size reaches an average of 3-4 centimeters. The contours and location of them may also vary. Submucosal tumors are characterized by clear contours and a homogeneous nature. Rough edges indicate malignancy of the neoplasm.
Causes
The exact causes of the development of submucosal tumors in both the cardiac and any other part of the stomach are unknown. However, there are several factors that, according to doctors, can provoke this pathological process:
- Peptic ulcer and gastritis.
- Helicobacter pylori infection.
- Hereditary predisposition.
- Unbalanced diet.
- The effects on the body of chemicals.
- Smoking and alcohol abuse.
The appearance of neoplasms is characteristic of patients older than 40 years. Oncopathology is detected, usually by accident, during endoscopy. If the carcinoma has grown greatly, the patient may complain of nausea and vomiting, constipation, aching pain. Leiomyomas in the cardiac section of the stomach can provoke bleeding, which leads to anemia.
Therapy
Treatment of the mucosa of the cardiac section of the stomach in which the lesions were detected involves the use of special drugs. If the nature of the formations is malignant, emergency surgery is performed. In the case of a benign tumor, the operation is performed as planned. Before this, material for histological examination is taken . After the operation, drug therapy is prescribed. As a rule, these are drugs that are active against Helicobacter pylori (De-Nol), as well as proton pump inhibitors (Omeprazole).
Forecast and Prevention
The chances of recovery after removal of a benign tumor are quite large. In the case of malignant formation, the probability of metastasis to neighboring organs is high, which will inevitably lead to relapse.
Prevention of gastric diseases involves maintaining a healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, abandonment of bad habits and regular visits to a specialist.