Each human kidney is covered by a connective capsule, consisting of a specific (own) tissue, as well as a system of excretion and accumulation of urine. Specific tissue (a group of cells) consists of brain and cortical matter. This group of cells formed the kidney parenchyma. This specific tissue has the ability to repair.
CT and ultrasound are used to determine the condition in which the renal parenchyma is located. The norm of the thickness of the organ’s own tissue varies on average from twenty to twenty-three millimeters. The average tissue thickness depends on the age of the patient.
Diffuse changes in the renal parenchyma can occur due to various reasons. These disorders do not have independent significance. Among the provoking factors, one should mention the initial stage of progression of urolithiasis, the formation of plaques in the pyramid region, which later turn into kidney stones (stones).
In addition, changes of this kind can be represented by hyperechoic inclusions and are associated with renal vessels or adipose tissue.
To accurately determine the disease and its stage in such cases, there is a need for a comprehensive examination.
In the structure of the kidney’s own tissue, numerous neoplasms (tumors) can also develop. In this case, benign and malignant formations are distinguished. Cancer is common enough. This pathology makes up about 85-90% of all tumor diseases that affect the kidney parenchyma. Among the features of cancer, a certain “venotropy” should be noted. This condition is characterized by the presence of a thrombus passing through the veins to the main trunk, and then to the inferior vena cava. In some cases, it can reach the atrium.
Significantly less often (in 6-8%) benign neoplasms are detected. Among them, adenoma, oncociotism, angiomyolopoma should be considered common.
As a rule, CT and ultrasound are used to identify these pathologies.
Symptoms that accompany tumor processes, experts divide into renal and extrarenal. In the first case, there are classic manifestations of the disease. Among the typical symptoms, hematuria (blood in the urine), neoplasm and soreness in the hypochondrium, which is felt during palpation (palpation), should be distinguished. It should be noted that according to these signs an accurate diagnosis is not possible. This is due to the insufficient prevalence of symptoms (detected in approximately 8% of patients) and not characteristic of a process that has gone far. These signs can also be noted with other diseases to which the kidney parenchyma is susceptible.
It should be noted that in modern medicine, the only option for treating organ cancer is surgery.
Cysts are also referred to neoplasms. These formations have liquid contents. As a rule, the lesion occurs bilaterally. In rare cases, a single cyst is detected. This pathology is called polycystic kidney disease. Most often, the disease is hereditary.
Treatment of pathology can be carried out both by surgical and conservative methods. In the second case, therapy is carried out according to the method of eliminating pyelonephritis in combination with the use of antibacterial drugs.
In some cases, kidney abnormalities are detected . A lot of diseases fall under this definition. In particular, the kidney parenchyma may be thinned. As a rule, this condition is noted after an infection and improper treatment. As a result, the entire renal system is exposed to stress. Incorrect treatment, as well as non-compliance with certain conditions after therapy can provoke tissue depletion.