Young teachers starting their career often miss such an important element of the lesson as reflection. In reality, an important stage of the lesson - reflection - comes down to 2-3 emoticons, leaflets of different colors, which children should choose at the end of the lesson. Often the teacher generally forgets about this stage and just asks the children if they liked the lesson. At the same time, according to new educational standards, the result of the lesson is mandatory - reflection.
What it is?
This technique gives the teacher the opportunity to analyze their activities, to find out the "problem" places in the material considered. Reflection involves the development of students' self-development skills, self-improvement. Full reflection in English lessons allows the child to build a clear chain, to bring the knowledge gained during the lesson into a single whole. In addition, the child learns to compare his own achievements with the successes of his classmates, identify problems, overcome them.
GEF lesson structure
New educational standards suggest the presence in the structure of any lesson, regardless of the subject, such a stage as reflection. Most often, it is held at the end of the lesson, the teacher performs an organizational function, and the main characters are students. Reflection - self-esteem, introspection, an opportunity to look "inside oneself". For the educational process, it is considered as an opportunity for students to independently evaluate their emotions, knowledge, results of theoretical and practical activities.
The need for reflection
A child who learns a certain topic will be able to appreciate the importance of the acquired knowledge for a future life. In addition, the student must understand exactly what goals he achieved during the lesson. Reflection in the Russian language lesson helps students understand their personal contribution to solving the problem, and make learning an interesting process.
Time spending
Depending on the type of reflection, spend it at different stages of the lesson. This can be done by repeating homework, to consolidate new material, to check individual elements of the topic.
Varieties of reflection
There are several options for the classification of reflection, we will consider this issue in more detail.
- By the content component. Written, oral, as well as symbolic verification is supposed:
a) a symbolic assessment involves the student marking his activities with gestures, tokens, cards;
b) an oral assessment implies the ability of students to correctly describe their own emotions, present their thoughts in the form of a connected story;
c) a written version implies a test of knowledge at the end of a large topic, involves significant time costs.
- By type of activity. The following types of reflection in the lesson exist: individual, frontal, group, collective. This option for assessing acquired skills is most often used by primary school teachers. First, a collective check is performed, then a group check, then an individual survey of students. This technique of repeated repetition allows you to form a clear idea among students about the phenomenon being studied or the subject under consideration. In addition, children learn to work “in a team”, a sense of collectivism develops.
- On purpose. GEF mean emotional reflection, with which the teacher assesses the emotional perception of the material in question by his students. Examples of reflection in the lesson can be presented in the form of questions: like (dislike), bored (interesting), funny (sad). This type of test helps the teacher control the overall emotional mood in the classroom, and respond to the mood of children in a timely manner. If the children are not too interested, the teacher can adjust the material of the lesson, offer a quiz, a game, an unusual competition. A feeling like boredom is mainly due to a misunderstanding of the material explained by the teacher.
When and how conducts reflection
Reflection of emotionality and mood is included in all lessons in elementary school. It is especially relevant for first graders. Such students are just adapting to school, so it is important not to “discourage” their desire to learn from them. Here are examples of reflection in a lesson in grade 1. Children receive cards with signs, emoticons. On the question of the teacher, they raise a signal card, demonstrating their emotional mood. Such a survey can be carried out immediately after new material, after consolidating the acquired knowledge, etc.
Such types of reflection in the lesson help the teacher to establish full contact with children.
The teacher can turn on the music by selecting a melody that is appropriate to the theme of the lesson. You can configure children to perceive the material in verse, an excerpt from a classic work. The reflection at the end of the GEF lesson involves posing clear questions: “What did you learn from the lesson? How did you do the lesson? Are you happy with how the lesson went? ” Thanks to such questions, children learn to evaluate their emotional mood and control their emotions. This approach helps younger students to find arguments for upholding their point of view, forms the skill of public speaking.
Reflection of learning activities
This option is suitable for checking homework, protecting creative projects, while consolidating new knowledge. In such an activity, the guys analyze their own activity, identify problems, look for ways to solve the tasks.
Options
Here are examples of reflection in a lesson in elementary school. You can develop a ladder of success for the guys. The child appears in the form of a man climbing the stairs. The more the student performs the tasks, the higher he will be. Children analyze their successes, compare their own achievements with the results of classmates, there is a healthy competition.
"Cars". Each task that a child must complete is offered as a trailer. If the reflection is carried out at the stage of testing knowledge, you can make 2-3 cars. If the child answers correctly the question posed by the teacher, a “passenger” appears in the car. Before the new year, you can "decorate the Christmas tree" with New Year's toys, completing the usual traditional lesson. Mathematics is easily reflected, for example, it is possible to diversify the test of knowledge with unusual signs and figures, so that children are more interested in the lesson. As an assessment of the level of knowledge acquired by children, one can consider the tree of success. The trunk is made the same for each student, but the leaves will have a different color. If the child answers the teacher’s questions correctly, he receives green leaves for his tree. With a large number of errors, the leaves will be red, and in case of inaccuracies, the teacher presents the yellow leaves. By the end of the lesson, each student will have his own tree, it is easy to determine by the color of the leaves how well the child has learned the material in question. Such an unusual lesson flow chart is a signal for the teacher.
Way of conducting
If the classroom has a modern interactive whiteboard, you can display a slide with phrases on it
- In the lesson I found out ....
- It was hard for me ...
- I was able to learn ...
- It seemed unusual to me ...
- I wanted to know ...
According to new federal standards, the technological map of a lesson in elementary school implies an indication of the type of reflection, the time of its implementation.
There are many requirements that apply to a modern lesson in elementary grades. Among them, the preservation of the mental and physical health of students.
To fulfill the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard, it is important to prevent overloading of children and their intellectual exhaustion. Currently, reflection is carried out to implement various goals: impact on the emotional sphere, mental activity. The new state standards focus on universal skills, which include reflective skills. Children must master the key competencies that form the basis of the ability to gain knowledge. The inclusion of younger students in active cognitive activity is achieved by reflection.
Case studies
Translated from Latin, this word means "turning back." The development of children directly depends on the teacher’s ability to influence the emotionality of their wards. Considering specific examples of reflection in the lesson, we can mention color techniques. For example, using the "fairy flower", the teacher will be able to understand the mood of the children for the lesson. Depending on what color the petal will be chosen by the child, you can determine his desire to work in class. After the children select the individual petals, the teacher makes a common flower.
To assess the degree of satisfaction with the lesson among the pupils, the teacher can use the “color miniature” technique. Children choose pencils of the color that matches their condition after class. Each draws a specific object in the general picture: grass, sun, flowers. The result is a general picture that will demonstrate to the teacher the mood of his students after studying new material. Such checks can be carried out for a quarter, then, using the color technique of Max Luther, get an idea of the emotional state of children.
An interesting technique is offered by psychologists for reflection in grades 1-2. The reception is called "The Sun." The teacher asks the children to finish the sentence: “My mood is like today ...” and offers the answers: sun, cloud with rain, cloud, thunder and lightning. For clarity, the middle of the sun is attached to the board, and the children receive clouds, clouds, and rays from the teacher. Those children who liked their work in the lesson attach yellow rays to the middle of the sun, and those who are dissatisfied with themselves in the lesson cover the rays with clouds. The teacher at the end of the lesson sums up, taking into account the received “sunny” picture.
There is also such an unusual way to test the emotional mood of elementary school students, as "Emoticons". The guys get leaflets with "little men-emoticons." Such people do not have any emotions, they must be drawn by the students themselves. In addition to emotions, you can finish a bag for a little man, a bouquet with flowers, balloons, that is, show your imagination.
Reflection of activity contributes to the optimization of the educational process. With its help, students learn to comprehend options for working with educational material. They are involved in the educational process, increase its efficiency and effectiveness. This reflection enables the teacher to evaluate the work of each child at the individual stages of the lesson. Applying the reflective “traffic light” technique, which involves the use of cards of three colors: red, yellow, green, the teacher receives “feedback”, analyzes the children's perception of complex educational material.
The reception "bouquet" helps to develop both reflective and communicative learning activities of younger students. Each child receives colorful flowers from the teacher. The teacher offers a blue flower to give to the child who was the most polite in the lesson. The green flower is intended for the most calm, assiduous classmate. A purple flower should be given to the most humble child. Then the teacher summarizes and invites the children to show their bouquets.
The value of reflection of the content of educational material
Conducting reflection at the end of the lesson has become commonplace. With its help, the teacher analyzes the emotional state of the children, checks the degree of assimilation of new knowledge. Receptions for carrying out can be various. Among the common options, we’ll highlight the “unfinished offer”. The beginning of such a proposal may be different:
- Today I found out ...
- I like it…
- I would like to hear again ...
- I did it today ...
- Now I definitely know ...
- I would like to tell others about ...
There is also such a common trick as Sinkwain. It allows you to understand the attitude of children to the problem considered during the lesson, to combine new knowledge with those skills that have already been formed in schoolchildren. What is Sincwine? This is a five-line stanza.
The first line consists of 1-2 basic words that determine the content of the syncwine.
The second line involves adjectives that characterize the concept in question.
The third line should consist of 2-3 verbs that show actions on the topic.
The fourth line is a short sentence that is directly related to the material being studied.
The fifth line should contain a synonym for the main noun.
Let us give an example of a synquine on the topic "Pushkin's Poems."
- The title of "Poems of Pushkin."
- Adjectives: amazing, brilliant.
- Verbs: loves, thinks, dreams.
- The essence of the lesson: awaken good feelings.
- Synonym: genius.
Conclusion
Without such a stage as reflection, it is impossible to do in modern secondary schools. Federal state standards clearly indicate the ability of the teacher to choose the option of reflection, but emphasize the obligatoriness of its implementation in each lesson. Children who learn to analyze their skills and evaluate skills during this form of learning will not experience problems communicating with peers, adults. The formation of an adequate self-esteem is the main task of all types of reflection in elementary school.