Using chemical fertilizers, you can get good yields. However, intensive management practices lead to soil depletion and pollution. Vegetables and fruits grown in this way, moreover, still do not differ in ecological purity. Therefore, many states of the world spend huge amounts of money on the development of new farming technologies. One of them was a technique called Effective Microorganisms. EM technologies can significantly increase the yield of cultivated plants and the productivity of agricultural animals without causing any harm to the environment.
Bit of theory
As you know, plants do not feed directly on organic and mineral fertilizers, but the waste products of the soil bacteria that process them. The latter are conditionally divided into regenerative and degenerative.
A feature of all bacteria without exception is passivity. That is, soil microorganisms always follow the group prevailing in a particular area. This is what EM technology is based on. When a group of beneficial bacteria is introduced into the soil, all microorganisms in it become regenerative. As a result, plants begin to receive much more nutrients. In addition, the structure of the soil improves and, as a result, productivity increases.
EM preparations
EM technology was developed for the first time by a Japanese scientist named Higo Tera. The drug he created contains about 86 species of various microorganisms. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that during its development in one medium anaerobic and aerobic bacteria were collected, the conditions of existence of which are diametrically opposite. The former can develop only in the absence of oxygen; the latter, on the contrary, cannot do without it.
The use of EM in Japan made it possible to eliminate the unpleasant odor from urban landfills in a very short time. The wastewater into which this agent was added for the experiment, after a few days, was so purified that they could be drunk.
The use of EM technology in animal husbandry has also made it possible to achieve excellent results. Cows, pigs and chickens gained much better weight and hurt less. It was also found that EM preparations have a beneficial effect on the human gastrointestinal tract. However, the best results using these funds were achieved, of course, in agriculture.
The domestic analogue of the Japanese drug was created by P. A. Shablin. It is called "Baikal EM-1" and in terms of efficiency is not inferior to an expensive imported product. At the moment, it is used by many domestic gardeners and gardeners.
Types of fertilizer
The drug "Baikal EM-1" is sold in plastic bottles of 30-40 ml and is not too expensive - 400-500 p. One such capacity is enough for the owner of a medium-sized garden for a season. Thus, the use of EM technology in the garden is also a significant saving on fertilizers. Using the basic drug, you can prepare:
- EM-1 solution for watering beds,
- EM compost
- Urgasu.
In specialized stores, EM-5 is also sold, which is intended to combat insect pests and diseases of cultivated plants.
EM Technology: Benefits
The advantages of this new tool include:
- natural restoration of land fertility;
- containment of reproduction of harmful microorganisms;
- improvement of soil structure and its cleansing;
- acceleration of root formation of plants and growth of green mass.
Working solution
Most often, gardeners use the EM-1 fertilizer to water the beds. The solution in this case is prepared as follows:
- 40 ml (bottle) of Baikal EM-1 concentrate is diluted in 4 l of boiled warm (non-chlorinated) water.
- 8 tablespoons molasses, honey or jam are added to the solution. The tank must be filled to capacity. Contact with air can harm bacteria.
- The jar is tightly closed with a lid and put in a warm place for about 5-7 days.
The resulting solution of the drug EM-1 is stored at a temperature not exceeding 40 degrees. It will be suitable for use within a year. Sunlight should not be allowed to enter a liquid saturated with bacteria.
How to use EM-1 solution?
To water the soil in a bucket of water you need to take a spoon (10 ml) of the prepared infusion. The use of EM technology in the garden in this case allows you to increase productivity by 2-3 times. The frequency of use of the solution depends on the condition of the soil in a particular area. Typically, plants are watered about once a week.
EM farming technology: composting
Absolutely any type of organics can be branded using the Baikal EM-1 preparation. Usually compost is made from chopped tops and herbs. The prepared green mass is thoroughly mixed beforehand. Next, make a solution of the following composition:
- 10 l of water;
- 100 ml of Baikal EM-1 concentrate;
- 100 ml molasses.
Under the compost, dig a hole with a depth of 0.5 m. The mass is poured in layers and compacted. After the pit is filled to the very top, it is covered with a film and sprinkled on top of the ground. Ready compost will be in about a week or two.
How to use compost?
EM technology must be applied correctly. The prepared fermented mass is usually applied to the soil pointwise. At a distance of about 30-40 cm from the trunks of fruit crops, small pits are dug and 1-1.5 kg of compost are poured into them. To better develop bacteria, moisten the mass.
EM compost is not allowed in the root zone. The beds with carrots, beets, onions and garlic are best shed with the "talker" prepared from it. For this, the fermented mass in the amount of 1 kg is kneaded in a bucket of water. The resulting solution is insisted for a couple of hours. Then it is filtered and diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10.
Tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplant and zucchini, as well as fruit crops, usually fertilize pointwise. To do this, compost is laid out in heaps at a certain distance from the stems and sprinkled with earth. Then the bed is carefully shed.
Cooking Urgasy
The application of EM technology using this fertilizer is considered the most effective. Urgas is made from household food waste. In this case, the finished mass is very diverse and contains the maximum amount of substances useful for plants. Fermented urgas at home using special sourdough. The latter is independently done as follows:
- 1 kg of food waste is passed through a meat grinder.
- The excess liquid is squeezed out of the resulting stuffing.
- Dry the mass by spreading it evenly on a sheet of paper.
- Spray the minced meat with 50 ml of Baikal EM-1 concentrate solution (1 tbsp. L per 1 l.).
- The treated waste is mixed and put into a plastic bag.
- Squeeze the air.
- Tie the bag tightly.
- After a week, the mass is dried and frayed.
Store the starter in a dry, dark place. Urgasu itself with its use is prepared as follows:
- At the bottom of the bucket lay the grate.
- A plastic garbage bag with holes made below is placed in it.
- Household waste accumulated during the day is laid in a layer of 2-3 cm, rammed and sprinkled with two tablespoons of sourdough.
- Cover the mass with the edges of the bag, squeeze the air and put the load on top.
- The next day, lay another layer, etc.
The liquid accumulating at the bottom of the bucket is drained every 2-3 days. During the winter, you can make a bag of Urgasy. Store it in a cool place (can be taken out to the balcony). The garden and the garden, on which the soil will be fertilized with Urgas, will certainly please their owners with high yields of all cultivated plants, without exception. In spring, the resulting mixture, saturated with bacteria and nutrients, is simply added to the beds.
EM technology allows you to get excellent crops without the use of any chemicals. After a few years of applying fertilizers with microorganisms, the land in the suburban area is completely cleared of harmful substances. The garden and the vegetable garden become the most profitable. This explains the huge popularity of the new drug "Baikal EM-1."