Nature is a stable system consisting of many elements, including man. Almost any activity of the planet’s population, unfortunately, entails a change in its natural appearance: the plowing of the territory changes the landscape, gas emissions from plants change the composition of the atmosphere, underground structures violate the structure of the soil cover, even an abandoned candy wrapper on the street is already a violation of the general condition of the earth .
In general, the impact of man on nature is called anthropogenic, and what these efforts are aimed at is the object of anthropogenic impact.
The modern world is beginning to understand that if you do not tighten control over what people do with nature, then planetary catastrophes cannot be avoided, catastrophic changes can already be observed: melting glaciers, extinction of animals, massive desertification, constant earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis.
In order to understand the question of how to help nature in the struggle for its existence, it is necessary to determine what constitutes an anthropogenic object, how does human activity manifest itself, what factors of human influence are observed?
The main classification of environmental objects
Each individual lives in a certain place with its own characteristics: climate, topography, population density, ecological state, level of hazardous emissions, subsistence level and a huge number of indicators of different characters (environmental, economic, social).
No matter how hard a man tries, he cannot be surrounded only by what he himself has created. Even in huge megacities, there is land on which buildings are located, there is air that saturates the body with oxygen and water that fills the cells with life.
Thus, we can say that a person inevitably lives in the vicinity of natural components.
Anthropogenic objects - this is what arose with the participation of man, is intended for his life and does not have the properties inherent in natural elements.
Miraculous objects are land, bowels, forest, air, water, animals. Otherwise, natural objects.
There are also such elements that were born from the human hand, but are intended to protect the environment - these are natural and anthropogenic objects.
What is the difference between a natural and anthropogenic component?
Firstly, a natural object arose much earlier than people began to actively influence the environment. But an anthropogenic object is a direct brainchild of man.
Secondly, those components that are created by nature are involved in the circulation of substances and energy throughout the planet. For example, precipitation falls to the ground, transferred to rivers, from which water is scooped for irrigation. From the earth, it evaporates and falls into the clouds, which concentrate and again give precipitation to the earth. The same objects that are created directly by man do not participate in these processes.
In addition, natural components have a direct impact on humans and at the same time are of material value: land is the environment for the growth of plants, which themselves are food, and serve as livestock feed, in addition, the place where the house is located, and also subject to sale. But, for example, the road can not produce anything - it is only a means of transportation and a way to make a profit.
What is the effect of human activity on nature?
Anthropogenic environmental objects most often have a negative impact on the state of nature, with the exception of those structures that were erected in order to restore the natural balance.
A huge number of examples can be given:
- Factories and factories produce products, make a profit, but throw out a huge amount of soot and hazardous compounds into the air, have a radiation effect, pour used water into a nearby water body, which is filled with various chemicals poisoning the fish.
- A street lamp, on the one hand, illuminates a section of the road, on the other, it causes light pollution, many insects burn out on a red-hot lamp, heat is released into the air.
- The machine is a vehicle and one of the main air pollutants.
- The construction of a new quarter will give shelter to many people, however, for this, forests that gave oxygen were cut down, a huge amount of land was removed, along with vegetation. Animals and birds are then forced to look for a new home.
Similar influences come from almost every anthropogenic structure and object.
Where is the predominance of objects of human creation?
Examples of anthropogenic objects are most certainly found in urban areas. Almost every square meter, one way or another, is changed under the influence of a person:
- Industrial Zone;
- residential area;
- recreation and recreation area - all of them are connected with human activities.
According to modern legislation, in cities it is necessary for each citizen to have 21 m2 of green space, and if the trees are planted with human hands and not preserved from nature, then such a square or park is considered a natural and anthropogenic component of the environment, which has a positive impact on residents and the city as a whole: less dust, cleaner air, moisture balance is maintained, various animals and birds settle in the city, the psychological state of residents improves.
In rural areas, anthropogenic impact is manifested in the form of using land for farming. In this case, the environmental load on the natural components is slightly less, but still noticeable: improper plowing leads to erosion and deflation, chemical elements unusual for the territory are introduced into the soil, there is general air and soil pollution from agricultural machines and farms.
Examples of anthropogenic water bodies
Of particular interest are man-made territories occupied by water. They are designed to ensure human life, for example, generating electricity, laying roads, raising fish, as well as developing tourist routes. Water anthropogenic objects are ponds, reservoirs, dams, artificial waterfalls. In them, over time, a natural biological environment is being established and this territory becomes a full-fledged participant in environmental processes.
However, there are such man-made objects that are not directly related to water: bridges, offshore oil wells, floating islands - such creations have a greater negative impact on nature.
What are the objects created by man on earth?
In addition to pronounced human production, such as buildings and structures, cars, roads, water supply, sewers, electricity, television towers and the like, there are man-made land objects - these are artificial parks and squares, embankments or quarries, recreated man-made landscapes, land used in the economy land, etc.
Are there any positive examples of human impact?
If a person had not begun to change nature, then the balance would not be upset, but now there is no point in thinking about how good it would be. At the moment, we need to build our activities so that natural and man-made objects prevail over those that have only a negative impact.
Today there are positive examples: eco-cities, which are based on the conservation of nature, and people integrate into it without harm.
There are also modern technologies for plowing land, production, waste processing, which help not to aggravate the situation.
What needs to be done so that anthropogenic objects cease to harm nature?
It is important for every person to understand that any activity has an impact on nature - negative or positive, depending on the purpose. Of course, it is impossible to abandon construction, farming, and growing crops, but their bad influence can be reduced by using technologies that will have less impact: the installation of treatment facilities, the use of crop rotation, the development of biofuels, and the use of natural types of energy.