The Russian Federation is a socially oriented state. Caring for citizens is a priority for the authorities. A very relevant topic today is the issue of benefits to single women with children. What are the benefits for a single mother in Russia? This article will provide a detailed answer to this question.
Single mother: who is this according to the law?
The number of divorces in the Russian Federation only grows with time. One can guess for a long time and argue what is the reason. This may be an economically unstable situation in the state, and, possibly, an ordinary change of morals. Most broken families have children. As a rule, the court leaves the children with their mother. Today, a single mother is far from a rare occurrence. Moreover, by law, not all divorced women with a child have such a status. Why is this so?
According to the current legislation, a divorce from a spouse does not automatically make a woman a “single mother”. Only women who have given birth to a child out of wedlock have this status . A single mother in Russia is a person to whom the following factors can be attributed:
- there is no joint statement of both parents;
- the same statement contains a dash in the paternity column;
- the woman gave birth to a child earlier than 300 days after the divorce (but in this case, recognition is required from the woman that her former husband is not the father of the baby);
- the woman adopted the child, while not being married.
It is also worth considering that a woman is not able to have the status of a “single mother” , to whom the following criteria apply:
- her husband was deprived of parental rights;
- her husband is dead;
- the baby's father is installed, and his data is entered into the documents; however, he himself is not the spouse of the woman who gave birth to the child;
- for one reason or another, the mother does not receive child support from the father of the child.
Thus, far from all single women with a child are able to have the legal status of a “single mother”.
Rights of single mothers
Women with the legal status of “single mothers” have a number of rights, which should be further delineated. Russian law provides as follows:
- The state monthly allowance for single mothers should be paid on time and in full, without delays or other problems. A woman should find out about the amount of money received in the department of social protection located at the place of her registration.
- In addition to full state benefits, a single woman with a child has the right to receive payments of a regional nature. Similar subsidies to single mothers should be paid on a regular basis.
- A woman with the status in question has the right to arrange a child out of turn in some preschool institutions (but not in all!). Here it is worth noting the benefits for paying for the maintenance of a child in kindergarten.
- Benefits, subsidies and various payments remain with the woman even when she gets married. The right to the benefits presented will be lost only when the new spouse adopts a child.
- If a single mother is officially employed, then she has the right to leave at any time convenient for her.
- A single woman with a child cannot be involved in overtime work without her own consent.
- School meals, as well as a set of textbooks for a single mother, will be free.
- A single mother is entitled to certain benefits when purchasing certain medicines for her child; the child has the right to a free massage at a local clinic.
These are far from all the rights that an unmarried woman with a child legally has. What should single mothers do besides all of the above? This will be described later.
About the schedule of a single mother
Regardless of where exactly an unmarried woman with a child works, company management must adhere to the requirements of the Labor Code. What exactly does this document say about single mothers? If we are talking about a work schedule, then it is worth highlighting the following points:
- An unmarried woman with a child under 5 years old can work at night (from 22 to 6 in the morning) only if she agrees to it, and if she has no contraindications for health. An employer does not have the right to force a single mother into night shifts (only if the work itself does not involve night service - for example, the profession of a night watchman).
- If a woman has a child under the age of three years, then involving her on business trips and overtime is possible only with written consent.
- A single mother with a child under 14 years old or a disabled child under 18 years old is able to apply for part-time work.
- A woman with a disabled child can apply for four additional days off per month.
- Under a collective agreement, a woman raising a child under 14 years of age can be provided with two-week unpaid leave at any convenient time.
The salary of a single mother (if it is not about benefits) cannot be increased just like that. A woman is not capable of legally applying for a special salary or increased hourly wages just because she has a child.
We should also talk about the dismissal procedure. A woman raising a child under 14 years of age, or a disabled child under 18 years of age, cannot be dismissed by reduction. Only the following cases can make exceptions:
- the organization is completely liquidated;
- a woman periodically does not perform, or poorly fulfills her labor duties;
- a woman committed a major immoral act;
- the employee violated her duties (she came intoxicated, committed theft, violated labor protection, divulged professional secrets, etc.);
- the woman got a job on fictitious documents.
In case of unlawful dismissal, a woman can reinstate herself in the workplace or request compensation through the court.
Tax deduction
What is a tax deduction? Specialists give the following wording - this is the established amount of income of workers, which is not levied on personal income tax. Thanks to the tax deduction, the amount of wages issued increases.
Tax deductions are granted to certain categories of citizens, including single mothers. The deduction is always standard and independent of the welfare of the person. So, as of 2017, it is worth highlighting the following figures:
- 2 800 rubles for the first two children;
- 6 thousand rubles for the third and any next child;
- 24 thousand rubles per child with disability.
In this case, personal income tax will begin to be charged in the event that a particular citizen will receive more than 350 thousand per year (about 30 thousand per month). This rule is also affected by the status of a person like a single mother. The second child, unfortunately, will not play any role. Depending on how much a single mother receives, the state of the tax deduction will depend.
Separately, it is worth talking about how exactly you can get a personal income tax benefit. All documents must be submitted at the place of work. An application is written that the employer will provide; the following documents are attached to it:
- birth certificate of a child;
- certificate from the Housing Office about residence;
- document from the registry office about the absence of the father;
- mother's passport;
- if necessary - a certificate of disability of the child or a certificate from the educational institution.
All deductions will be provided by the employer.
About sick leave
What is the duty of single mothers on receipt of sick leave? Oddly enough, nothing special. It is immediately worth noting that there are no special benefits for obtaining a sick leave for single mothers. In this case, everything is exactly the same as in the case of married women; conversations about any priorities and "no queues" will be nothing more than rumors. Nevertheless, it is still worth paying attention to this topic.
The Federal Law "On Compulsory Social Insurance", namely its sixth article, enshrines the following rules for obtaining sick leave:
- if the child is not 7 years old, then the entire treatment period should be no more than 60 days per year (for one specific child). If the disease is especially severe, then the sick leave can be up to 90 days.
- If the child is from 7 to 15 years old, then the period of sick leave for the mother can not be more than 15 days a year.
- If the child is from 15 to 18 years old, the mother can take a sick leave for a period of not more than 3 days (can last up to one week).
Are hospital subsidies for single mothers? The law mentions outpatient payments. So, the size of the allowance for a single mother in this case may be:
- 100% of earnings with work experience of more than eight years;
- 80% of the average salary with an experience of five to eight years;
- 60% of average earnings with less than five years of service.
Thus, the question of what should be given to single mothers when taking sick leave can be considered closed. The answer here is simple: practically nothing; here the same rules apply as for the rest of the people.
Admission to kindergarten: what are the benefits for a single mother?
As you know, the activities of kindergartens in the Russian Federation are regulated at the municipal level. This means only one thing: the conditions and characteristics of the admission of children to such institutions can vary greatly depending on the region.
What benefits does a single mother have when enrolling her child in kindergarten? Until 2008, the country had a legal recommendation to adopt single-mother children out of turn. This position was later removed. For some reason, some citizens, even ten years later, are sure that there are still uniform benefits here. This, of course, is not so. As of 2017, unfortunately, there are no concessions for single mothers in this area. Of course, some kindergartens can still take groups of people out of turn. This is done, as a rule, in order to self-promotion or increase the rating.
In which cities do kindergartens accept children from single-parent families out of turn? Of course, data is subject to change; but for 2017 it is Moscow (according to the order No. 1310), Yekaterinburg, Angarsk, Irkutsk region and some other regions.
What conclusion can be drawn here? Kindergartens today do not operate according to uniform rules. Even a “poor single mother with a disability” will not be able to claim any benefits if they are not installed in the region. Compensation for kindergarten for single mothers is also not relied on - all this has long been a thing of the past. There can only be one way out: to find out whether there are benefits for admission in a particular area, in a particular kindergarten.
Single mother getting housing
Is cheap or even completely free housing for single mothers? Unfortunately, this is not a definite answer. It’s worth starting with the most important: there are no special benefits and rules for obtaining a home for single mothers in Russia. There is an opportunity to queue for an apartment, to participate in state subsidy programs - but no more. The entire procedure for obtaining housing will take place in the same way as with ordinary, complete families.
At the moment, the country has a program "Young Family", according to which from 2015 to 2020 the state will pay citizens with children about 35% of the total cost of housing purchased. Program details, as usual, will vary by region.
What should be done for single mothers in the program? All the same as ordinary families. To obtain housing under the terms of the "Young Family" you must:
- have Russian citizenship;
- prove the lack of other housing;
- contact the district administration at the place of residence;
- get into the general housing line.
If the family needs to improve housing conditions, then the state will take into account the following factors:
- the area of this residential premises is below regional standards;
- living in a dwelling does not comply with sanitary and hygienic standards;
- the family lives in a communal apartment;
- the family has a sick person, living near which can be hazardous to health.
Separately, the woman’s income must be taken into account. So, depending on how much a single mother receives, and the state program will be calculated.
Additional payments
Moscow Government Decree No. 816-PP provides for the regular payment of benefits to single mothers from the city budget. So, a single woman with a child has the right to receive the following subsidies:
- 300 rubles per month for children under 16 years of age;
- 675 rubles per month are due to mothers, as well as parents whose former spouses do not pay child support for children under three years of age;
- 6 thousand rubles each month relies to a single mother or father whose child is under 18 years of age and is a disabled person of 1 or 2 groups. If such a child is employed, payments cease.
We should also talk about payments to women whose income is below the subsistence level. The law reads as follows:
- the allowance of a single mother with a child under 16 years old should be 750 rubles per month;
- 2,500 rubles is due to single mothers whose children have not reached the age of 1.5 years, or whose age is from 3 to 18 years;
- 4,500 rubles is paid to single mothers whose children are between 1.5 and 3 years old.
In order for each of the payments presented to arrive on time and in full, every three months you will have to submit a certificate of income to the social security authorities. The optimal period for submitting such an application will be one in which maternity payments will not fall into the total income.
Required Documentation
How can a single mother confirm her status? What documents should be collected for this? It is immediately worth noting that different types of documentation will be needed for all kinds of situations. It all depends on what kind of subsidies and benefits a single woman with a child wants to receive.
The first and most important thing that a single mother should have is a birth certificate with a dash in the column for the father. Only with the help of this document will a woman be able to confirm her status as a single mother. If the certificate still contains information about the biological father, but according to the mother, then you will have to get a special form No. 25. As a rule, they apply for it to the registry office. There it will need to be filled. Having received a certificate of assignment of the status of a “single mother”, the woman takes him to the district department of city social protection.
What documents should a mother collect to receive a monthly child allowance? The law in this case regulates the following types of documentation:
- mother's passport;
- application for the status of a “single mother”;
- birth certificate of a child;
- stamp in the mother’s passport on the citizenship of the child;
- certificate from the Housing Office about the composition of the family (it is necessary to confirm that the mother actually lives with the child);
- if necessary - form No. 25 from the registry office;
- statement of maternal income (paper from the employment service, or a regular work book).
Naturally, each of the submitted documents should be photocopied and attached to the main package.
Total
It is worth summarizing all of the above, thesis illustrating all the main types of benefits for single mothers. If we are talking about social benefits, then it is worth mentioning:
- sets of baby dowry for a newborn baby;
- compensation for the price of children's food products (if the child is not three years old);
- natural benefits for a child under three years old;
- the opportunity not to pay the Housing Office for garbage collection and cleaning if the mother has a child who has not reached one and a half years;
- free medications for a child under three years of age.
If we are talking about labor benefits, then it is worth highlighting:
- the inability to dismiss a single mother during contractions;
- benefits of a single mother in the liquidation of the organization;
- full sick leave payment if the child of the employee is not seven years old;
- the right to small additional holidays;
- the right to establish part-time work (if the child is not 14 years old);
- the inability to refuse a single mother when applying for a job (otherwise, the reason for the refusal must be described in detail and proven).
Of course, there are other benefits. However, they all depend on the region and type of enterprise (educational, pre-school, cultural, etc.).