The science of eloquence appeared in ancient times. To date, the question of what rhetoric is considered from three sides:
1. This is the science of
public speaking, oratory, which has certain rules and patterns of speaking to the public in order to achieve the best effect on listeners.
2. This is the highest level of mastery of speaking to the public, professional proficiency in the word and high-quality public speaking.
3. The discipline that studies the basics of oratory.
The subject of rhetoric is the special rules for constructing and making a speech in order to convince the audience of the correctness of the speaker.
Russia has always possessed rich rhetorical traditions. Oratory practice already in Ancient Russia was very diverse and stood out for its high level of skill. The 12th century is recognized as the Golden Age in Ancient Russia for eloquence. The first textbooks in Russia about what rhetoric is appeared in the 17th century. These were “The Tale of the Seven Wisdom” and “Rhetoric”. They laid out the basics of rhetorical teaching: what is rhetoric, who is a rhetorician and his duties; how to prepare speech, what it is. In the XVIII century, a number of textbooks were already published, among them the fundamental scientific work “Rhetoric” by Lomonosov.
Today, oratory is closely interconnected with other sciences: philosophy, logic, psychology, pedagogy, linguistics, ethics and aesthetics.
Classification of Eloquence
Not every speech is oratorical, even the one that was planned in advance. In order for the speech to take place and fulfill the tasks set by the speaker, the following
laws of rhetoric must be observed:
1. The conceptual law.
2. The law of effective communication.
3. The speech law.
4. The law of communication.
Speech is implemented in various forms, such as monologue, dialogue and polylogue. Depending on what goal the speaker has set for himself, it is divided by type:
1. Informative - acquaintance of listeners with certain information, facts, which will make it possible to make an impression about its subject.
2. Persuasive - the belief in the correctness of their position.
3. Arguing - proof of her point of view.
4. Emotionally evaluative - expresses its negative or positive assessment.
5. Encouraging - through speech, listeners are encouraged to do something.
Is it possible to become a speaker
?
When the task of speaking to the public arises, in which you need to convince the audience of something, a person begins to think - what is rhetoric? Is it possible to become a good speaker? Opinions differ on this score. Someone thinks that a talented speaker should have a natural gift. Others - that you can become a good speaker if you train a lot and improve yourself. This debate has been going on for many years, almost the entire history of oratory.
But in any case, the speaker must know the basics of rhetoric, its not only the most common methods, but also individual findings, which will help to make the speech vivid, and at the same time accessible. How to prepare a public speech, how to state it, how to correctly conclude a speech - these are the questions that primarily arise before a novice word master.