The upbringing process is a complex and lengthy stage aimed at creating a harmonious personality. First, find out what the term "pedagogy" is.
Origin of the term
The Greeks called the "teacher" a slave who took the child to classes. Further, this term was called educators, teachers, teachers, as well as specialists in the field of pedagogy. In a literal translation, the word means "childbearing." The process of education is the development of certain qualities in the younger generation. Gradually, some corrections and additions were made to this definition, but its main meaning did not change.
For many centuries, the process of training, upbringing and personality development did not involve special consideration, it was considered natural for the existence of mankind.
At the early stage of the emergence of society, the need arose to transfer certain experience from generation to generation. For example, older family members passed on to their young generation their experience in gathering, manufacturing various tools, and organizing household work.
As a person grew as a person, his life experience became more complicated, methods of the upbringing process were modernized. Thanks to the Polish teacher Jan Amos Kamensky didactics appeared, which is a separate branch of general pedagogy.
History of Pedagogy
The process of upbringing and education has deep historical roots. For any generation, three main tasks are relevant:
- master the experience of their ancestors;
- to increase the acquired knowledge;
- transmit information to descendants.
Only in this case is social progress possible. Pedagogy is a science that studies the basic laws of the transmission of information by the older generation, its assimilation by a younger shift. Education in the learning process is aimed at acquiring the social experience that the child will need for work and a normal life.
Gradually, pedagogical activity began to stand out in a separate area of activity. At first, the philosophers of Ancient Greece became interested in it. It was during this historical period that the term "school" appeared, which meant leisure. “Gymnasiums” began to be called public schools of physical development.
In the 17th century, upbringing in the learning process stands out as a separate science. During this period, ideas and principles of education in Russian pedagogy were actively developed. For example, Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov created several textbooks on grammar and rhetoric.
Pedagogy Categories
In the eighteenth century, pedagogical science became an independent industry with its own subject of study. In modern society, the upbringing process is an activity aimed at the formation and development of the personality in the context of its education, upbringing, training. How to organize this important and responsible process? This requires a variety of methods of the educational process.
Among the main categories of pedagogy are noted education, upbringing, training, development.
The process of education is the development of personality under the influence of internal and external factors. Development occurs under the influence of natural and social factors.
Features of education
The process of personality education is one of the most important in pedagogy. In a broad sense, upbringing presupposes a purposeful process of forming the spiritual and physical forces of an individual and intellect. This is a full preparation for life, active work.
In a narrow sense, upbringing is a process of forming in the rising generation a caring attitude towards the surrounding nature and other people. This is a purposeful process, during which a person acquires those properties and qualities that correspond to the interests of a particular society.
The development of a full-fledged person is carried out only by upbringing, accompanied by the transfer of his experience, the translation of the ancestral heritage.
The basis of education and training
What are the main components of training and education? The process of educating a person is based on skills, abilities, knowledge. They are the way to reflect reality with the help of concepts, facts, laws, and ideas.
Skills presuppose a person’s readiness for independent and conscious implementation of theoretical and practical actions based on social experience, knowledge, and acquired skills.
Education in the process of activity involves the use of a system of special methods. His result is the skills, knowledge, ways of thinking, which eventually learns.
The main pedagogical categories
The basics of the process of upbringing, education, and development are the main pedagogical categories. Education is a process of self-development of a person associated with mastering her measurements, knowledge, and creative skills. Education can be considered as social heredity, the transfer of their experience to subsequent generations. The organization of the upbringing process in a modern educational institution is associated with the creation of favorable conditions aimed at educational as well as extracurricular activities.
The pedagogical process is a combination of upbringing and training, which ensures the cultural continuity of generations, the willingness of a person to fulfill professional and social roles.
An individual in education masters the sum of cultural and moral values that correspond to the expectations and interests of society. Education in full accordance with the abilities and interests of the individual is the fundamental right of any person.
The state always supports education. In the process of development, you can influence the younger generation, form harmoniously developed individuals who are able to benefit their country.
Cultural continuity consists in the fact that there is no spontaneous formation of social values of the individual. The process involves the targeted development and upbringing of the younger generation.
As a pedagogical term, “education” was introduced at the end of the eighteenth century by Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi.
For a long time, this process was considered as the sum of the skills, knowledge, skills that are necessary for the implementation of practical activities. Currently, special attention is paid to socialization as a qualitative and quantitative change in the system of values, attitudes, beliefs, moral qualities that the younger generation will need for successful adaptation in the social environment.
Modern education
Today, pedagogical science is considered as a specific system consisting of individual elements: a process, a result. Classical didactics endows education with four aspects: systemicity, totality, value, and effectiveness.
Value characteristic contains three blocks: education as a state, personal, social value. If education implies literacy, professional competence, mentality, then education is characterized by certain moral qualities.
The concept of educational methods
The difficult and dynamic pedagogical process makes teachers solve a lot of classic and unusual educational problems associated with the harmonious development of the individual. They have several unknowns, so for a successful resolution of problems, the teacher must have educational methods.
They consist of a variety of techniques interconnected with each other. For example, for the formation of views, beliefs use the classic conversation.
Parenting techniques
In domestic pedagogy, they are specific operations of interaction between the educated and the teacher, depend on the purpose of their use. Funds are objects of spiritual and material culture, used in solving pedagogical problems.
Methods of education are certain ways of influencing the behavior, feelings, consciousness of children in the process of preparing them for socialization.
For the formation of concepts, judgments, beliefs in children, the teacher conducts conversations, lectures, discussions, disputes.
The experience of behavior is formed during role-playing games, as well as in the performance of individual assignments given to the child by the teacher.
For self-esteem, stimulating independent activity, the teacher actively applies punishment and encouragement, competitions and contests.
Spiritual activity aimed at understanding life, creating a moral position of the subject, establishing his worldview, is carried out in close interconnection with the process of acquiring scientific knowledge. For the development of motivation, informed behavior in domestic pedagogy, a personal example is used.
We will choose some upbringing methods that have maximum effectiveness.
Using parables, tales, metaphors, companionable discussions and disputes, improvisations on various topics, the teacher gradually forms the basic system of values in his students.
After the introduction of federal standards of the second generation to educational institutions, teachers began to pay much more attention to creative collective projects, which allowed not only to train, but also to educate all members of the project group.
Classification of educational methods
In the pedagogical literature, various options are described that allow you to achieve any goals and objectives. By their nature they are divided into exercise, persuasion, punishment, encouragement. An assessment of the activities of pupils is a common feature.
According to the results of exposure, two classes of educational methods are distinguished:
- influences that create moral motives, attitudes, relationships, ideas, concepts;
- influences that define some behavioral type.
The most objective and convenient is the classification of educational methods by orientation. This integrative characteristic, which includes the substantive, target, procedural aspects of education:
- the formation of personal consciousness;
- organization of social behavior experience;
- stimulation of activity.
Consciousness can be formed during thematic lectures, ethical conversations, a story, a report, and a briefing. To stimulate (motivate) the independent work of pupils, teachers actively use rating systems of marks.
Let us dwell on some methods of forming personal consciousness. Not constant beliefs, but real actions and deeds characterize the upbringing of modern schoolchildren. That is why socialization is at the heart of the educational process.
Teachers try to combine theoretical and practical techniques in order to achieve optimal results. Among the priority areas of modern education is leading the formation of a sense of patriotism, love for the native land, family values.
Persuasion is a variant of versatile impact on the practical activities of children. To effectively manage the educational process, the teacher takes into account the actions of the pupils when working on individual stages, small operations.
To form a careful attitude to the culture of the native land, family values, it is necessary to use not only suggestion, but also examples of artistic culture, to acquaint schoolchildren with the best people in the village, town, city, country.
The teacher should build a clear and consistent chain of actions, be guided by common sense in his pedagogical activity, and rely on a social order. The teacher tries to appeal not only to the feelings of the pupil, but also to their mind.
The lecture is a detailed, lengthy, systematic presentation of the essence of a particular educational, scientific, educational problem. It is based on a generalization of theoretical or practical material. The lecture is accompanied by illustrations, presentations, conversation elements.
The dispute differs from a lecture and conversation by the ability of students to express their reasoned position on the issue under discussion.
It is a dispute that allows the young generation to gain experience in upholding a personal point of view, arguing for a position, and maintaining ethical standards of discussion.
Among the options for educational impact on the younger generation, it should be noted the desire of children to imitate. Watching their parents, teachers, older brothers and sisters, children develop their own value system. For the development of industriousness, patriotism, high morality, fidelity to duty, a positive personal example of a teacher or teacher should be in front of the eyes of the student.
Exercise is needed to shape a behavioral experience. They suggest a systematic and systematic implementation by pupils of a variety of actions, practical assignments aimed at the development of personality.
Education is a systematic and regular implementation of specific actions aimed at the formation of positive habits. During the educational process, it is implemented by performing special exercises, and in educational work involves the implementation of assignments that are related to the social environment.
Conclusion
Research confirms the effectiveness of the use of various competitions in the upcoming generation. Modern adolescents are characterized by a consumer attitude to life, which negatively affects their value system. In order to avoid this approach, the Ministry of Education has modernized modern educational institutions.
Currently, special attention is paid to the organization of full-time extracurricular activities of schoolchildren, the creation of additional sports sections and intellectual circles. Only with an integrated approach to the process of education, upbringing, development can we count on the implementation of the social order of society - the formation of a harmoniously developed personality.
Teachers understand the importance and significance of the educational process, therefore, in their work they are guided by effective methods and techniques aimed at educating the younger generation.