Not every obese person is able to independently get rid of extra pounds. Even the advice of professional weight loss specialists is sometimes powerless. However, obesity is not only an unpleasant external defect. Very often it becomes a source of development of many diseases. In this case, losing weight is simply vital. And then surgery to reduce the stomach become a real salvation for patients.
General information
The most common cause of obesity is a large volume of the stomach. It is stretched as a result of malnutrition and non-observance of food intake. Everyone knows that doctors recommend eating food fractionally - 5-6 times a day. In addition, it is important to remember the portion quantity. It should be such that it fits on an open palm.
Unfortunately, most people completely ignore these tips. They eat irregularly, most often after work, in the evening. And at the same time they eat a portion 2-3 times larger than recommended. Of course, under such conditions, the volume of the stomach increases. A stretched organ requires more food. And the acquired calories are quickly transformed into extra pounds.
You can change the situation yourself, without resorting to surgery. To do this, you need to start eating right, gradually accustoming the stomach to small portions. Over time, it will narrow. In addition, there is a special set of exercises aimed at combating obesity.
Unfortunately, not every patient suffering from excess weight can tune in to a completely different lifestyle. And these people have one thing left - to think about surgery to reduce the stomach.
Types of surgery
Doctors have developed several technologies to reduce the volume of the stomach:
- vertical gastroplasty;
- shunting;
- resection;
- banding;
- balloning.
These operations vary widely in technique. In addition, they have their own indications and contraindications. But the essence of these interventions is the same - to significantly reduce the stomach, reduce hunger and protect the patient from overeating.
So, let's look at how operations to reduce the stomach occur.
Vertical Gastroplasty
Surgery is an extremely popular procedure for the formation of a small ventricle. What lies at its core? Such a decrease in the volume of the stomach is based on the division of the organ into 2 unequal parts. All saturation receptors are located in the upper zone, which is separated using a special support ring. This part has a relatively small size and is approximately 20 ml.
During eating, the small ventricle fills very quickly. Receptors located in this zone transmit information about the saturation of the body to the brain. Accordingly, a person is completely protected from overeating. After a couple of minutes, food enters most of the stomach. In the future, it is processed and goes the usual way.
Such operations are recommended for patients in whom the body mass index exceeds the norm by 35 kg.
Surgical intervention can be performed in two ways:
- The usual incision, the length of which is 7-8 cm. Subsequently, a cosmetic suture is applied .
- Laparoscopic method. A more complex operation, from the point of view of execution technology, involving a puncture. The cosmetic effect improves, recovery time decreases. Such an operation is much easier tolerated by patients.
However, there are contraindications to vertical gastroplasty. It is completely not recommended for people who are accustomed to "seize" their sorrows. Since such patients may develop depression.
The operation provides very favorable results. Patients manage to get rid of almost 60% of excess weight. The best results are observed in the first six months, after the intervention.
How much does such an operation to reduce the stomach? The price of the event varies depending on the medical institution in which it will be held. On average, the cost of vertical gastroplasty is 102,000 rubles.
Performing shunting
Obese people are constantly experiencing a strong sense of hunger. Bypass surgery allows you to save patients from "wolf" appetite, and therefore, from overeating.
What does this operation mean? During surgery, the doctor forms a small ventricle. It is directly connected to the small intestine. With this operation, most of the stomach is excluded from the digestive process, but all organs are preserved.
The main advantages of such an intervention:
- Significantly reduced mass, while quite stable. It is possible to get rid of 65-75% of excess weight.
- People suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus get rid of drug dependence in most cases.
- Improving the condition of patients with a history of: hypertension, bronchial asthma, respiratory failure, heartburn, spinal diseases, joint pathologies.
- Achieved results are saved. Weight gain is almost impossible. Therefore, repeated operations are an extremely rare occurrence.
However, do not forget that gastric bypass surgery is a surgical procedure. Therefore, there is always a risk of complications.
The unpleasant consequences that patients may face are as follows:
- bleeding
- blood clots in the vessels;
- pulmonary complications (pneumonia);
- an ulcer at the junction of the small intestine and stomach (probability 1-3%, even smokers have a much higher risk of erosion);
- lack of vitamins and minerals (develops in people who do not follow the doctor’s instructions).
After shunting, patients are prescribed special drugs that are recommended for use throughout life:
- iron medications;
- calcium preparations;
- multivitamins.
This is a fairly effective and popular operation to reduce the stomach. The price of this procedure averages 130,000-200,000 rubles and is carried out in many clinics.
Stomach resection
Such an operation belongs to the category of new technologies. She has been practiced for 10 years. This surgical intervention is known as plum resection or sleeve resection. What is the name of the operation to reduce the stomach in the language of professionals? This surgical intervention is called - longitudinal resection of the stomach.
The operation involves the removal of most of the organ, but at the same time they retain all the physiological valves necessary for a complete digestive process. Resection allows you to make a narrow tube from a large stomach, the volume of which is about 100-120 ml.
Indications for such an operation are the following conditions:
- tumors;
- peptic ulcer;
- ethocarcinoma;
- diseases of the duodenum.
Effective weight loss after surgery, according to doctors, occurs as a result of the following features of the operation:
- It removes that part of the stomach that produces the hormone ghrelin in the body (it provides the feeling of hunger). This eliminates the risk of overeating.
- Food quickly passes through the stomach and enters the intestines. As a result, the patient quickly realizes that he is full. He does not have a desire to continue to eat food.
Such an operation is not recommended for people suffering from heartburn. These patients should consider shunting.
If we talk about possible negative consequences, then no surgeon can exclude such risks as bleeding, inconsistency of sutures. In addition, a stomach distension can become a rather unpleasant consequence associated with the failure to follow proper nutrition in the future. In this case, the doctor may recommend a second operation. But now we will talk about shunting.
Such stomach reduction surgeries are allowed for people of all ages. They can be carried out both by elderly persons and adolescents.
The cost of resection is about 200,000 rubles in Moscow and about 240,000-261,000 rubles in St. Petersburg.
The essence of banding
This is a fairly effective operation, which belongs to the category of simple and safe. Bandaging the stomach involves the division of an organ into two uneven parts. The procedure is performed by putting on a special ring. So in the upper region of a large organ a small ventricle is formed.
This intervention is recommended for people whose mass index is above 35, but does not exceed 50.
Gastric banding is prescribed for patients in whom obesity has led to serious health problems, such as:
- diabetes;
- varicose veins of the lower extremities;
- hypertension;
- infertility due to obesity (triggered by polycystic ovary);
- diseases of the spine, joint ailments (arthrosis, arthritis).
The procedure is quite effective and provides excellent results. In addition, bandaging extremely rarely leads to side effects.
But such an operation has contraindications. Banding is not carried out in the following cases:
- pregnancy;
- diseases of the lungs, heart;
- ulcer, erosive gastritis;
- esophageal disease;
- cirrhosis of the liver;
- mental disorders;
- weakened immunity;
- autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, scleroderma);
- the presence in the body of an infection that is characterized by a chronic nature (for example, tonsillitis).
A patient who has undergone bandaging will need to get used to the new dietary recommendations. And it’s not easy enough.
Doctors recommend following these rules throughout the course of a subsequent life:
- Eat in small portions, up to 5-6 times a day.
- Chew the first portion (applying at least 30 movements), and only then swallow. After this, a minute pause must necessarily follow. This will ensure that the swallowed food passes into the stomach through the bandage.
- Drinking during the meal is prohibited. You can drink liquid 1 hour before a meal or 30 minutes after it.
- From sweet high-calorie drinks, ice cream, chocolate will have to be completely abandoned. Otherwise, surgery will not provide the desired result.
Today, such an operation is carried out by the laparoscopic method. Thanks to this method, surgery does not need general anesthesia, the load on the heart is significantly reduced. In addition, small cuts remain on the body, not exceeding 1.5 cm.
One of the advantages of banding is the ability to loosen and tighten the ring. Thus, the patient has the opportunity to regulate the process of losing weight.
How much does such an operation to reduce the stomach cost? The price in St. Petersburg is 170,000 rubles.
Cylinder installation
If we consider all operations to reduce the stomach, then the simplest of them is ballooning. Such a method, in fact, is not even a surgical intervention. This is a special event reminiscent of conventional gastroscopy.
What is this manipulation? A probe is inserted into the stomach through the oral cavity of the patient , with the help of which a special balloon is placed in the organ. In appearance, it resembles a bubble with thin walls. The balloon is filled with water (approximately 600-700 ml). In the process of inflating, it fills a part of the stomach. As a result, there is little room for food in the organ.
The balloon is in the stomach for approximately 4-6 months. After this time, it must be removed. The procedure is also carried out using an endoscope that excludes incisions.
Setting the cylinder allows you to get rid of 30% of excess weight. The cost of the procedure is 55,000-65,000 rubles.
Where do stomach reduction surgery
Such surgical interventions are carried out today in almost all clinics. If the doctor sees the expediency of the operation, he will definitely recommend a hospital, in which they will help you.
If you are choosing a clinic on your own, then be sure to study patient reviews, be interested in the technology of the procedure. In addition, specify how professional the surgeon in whose hands you fall.
The opinion of patients
Does stomach reduction surgery really provide excellent results? Patient reviews show that in almost all cases it is possible to achieve the desired weight loss. People claim that they were able to lose up to 65 kg. The following interventions are especially popular: bypass surgery, bandaging.
However, the operation has a downside. Patients who have undergone such interventions are faced with the need to strictly follow the established diet.
Conclusion
Before deciding on such an event, be sure to weigh all the pros and cons. Perhaps you can still pull yourself together and independently, without the help of a surgeon, limit your diet? If this does not work out for you, then trust your health only to professionals!