Achieving the ideal is not an easy process. Especially when it comes to personal development. But this is precisely the task facing the system of modern education: the formation of not only knowledge and skills, but also the moral qualities and guidelines of students. In recent years, particular attention has been paid to spiritual education and upbringing of the younger generation.
Basic wording
Human moral development is a complex process based on many factors. This explains a significant number of related concepts and terms that form the basis of spiritual education.
Spiritual values - norms, principles in the relationship of a person to society, family, himself, based on the concepts of good and evil, true and false.
Spiritual and moral education is a process of acquaintance of a student with basic value guidelines, contributing to the harmonious development of personality, the formation of a moral and semantic sphere.
In addition, they single out such a concept as civil-moral development, including the process of strengthening basic personal values, the formation of the ability to consciously build an attitude towards oneself, the state, and society on the basis of generally accepted moral standards.
Goals and objectives
The magnitude of the goals of spiritual and moral education, declared one of the key areas of public policy, is impressive. Ultimately, this is the education of a responsible, proactive, competent citizen, adhering to traditional moral, social, family values.
The further development of the country largely depends on the success of such education. The higher the level of acceptance by a citizen of universal and national values and the willingness to follow them in professional, personal, social life, the greater the prospects for the modernization of the country and society. Spiritual values in education are fully correlated with these tasks.
The concept of spiritual and moral development and education
Developed back in 2009, the concept became the basis for the development of new educational standards. It was in it that a provision was formulated on the need for interaction between the family, educational institutions, public, religious, cultural and sports organizations in the field of spiritual education of the younger generation. The concept determined the goals and objectives of children's moral development, the type of modern educational ideal, basic national values, pedagogical conditions and principles.
Tasks:
- creation of conditions for self-determination of the child;
- its integration into national and world culture;
- the formation of an objective picture of the world in a student.
Basic moral guidelines
According to the accepted concept, the main sources of morality for children and youth are:
- love for the homeland and willingness to serve the homeland;
- solidarity;
- family relationships;
- citizenship;
- nature;
- scientific knowledge;
- art and aesthetic development;
- cultural representations and religious ideals;
- creation and creativity;
- diversity of peoples and cultures.
In the process of education and training, the development of the child’s personal, social and family culture takes place. Moreover, the educational environment of the school should be based on common values for all citizens of the country.
The system of spiritual education in the Russian Federation
The need to strengthen the educational functions of educational institutions is noted in a number of regulatory documents. So, according to the provisions of the new law on education, ensuring the spiritual and moral development of students is one of the main tasks of educational programs. This process is carried out in close cooperation with the student’s family, public and religious institutions. All of them become subjects of the spiritual education system.
The educational environment of the school is built in such a way as to contribute to the diversified development of the child, combined with external educational factors. It is not necessary for the teacher to receive professional spiritual education in order to choose the most effective methods of moral development of the child in his lessons or in extracurricular activities. Moreover, the processes of training and upbringing in practice are practically inseparable from each other.
Spiritual and moral education and GEF
According to the new federal standards (GEF), education has one of the leading roles in the moral consolidation of modern society. Their provisions reveal the content of the key tasks of spiritual education of children, the directions of educational work at each level of education, methods and forms of moral development. The key point is the unity of the classroom, extracurricular and extracurricular activities as a guarantee of the comprehensive development of the student.
Acquaintance of a child with basic values occurs not only within the framework of the subjects of the humanitarian and aesthetic cycle (literature, art, social studies). All educational subjects possess educational potential. In addition, in 2012, a special course was introduced in all domestic schools - the foundations of religious cultures and secular ethics. During the training, the children got the opportunity to get acquainted with the main religious systems (Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Judaism), the history of the development of key ethical and philosophical concepts.
Directions of spiritual education at school
We will discuss below the three main components of spiritual education: cognitive, value, and activity.
The cognitive component provides the formation of a certain system of knowledge and ideas about the moral sphere. Effective technologies in this regard are research projects, conferences, intellectual marathons and olympiads.
Value (axiological) - is responsible for the emotional perception of students of certain moral principles and rules. Good results are brought by regular problematic discussions with discussion of situations of moral choice, as well as various types of creative tasks, in which the student's ideas and views are reflected.
The activity component is associated with practical results of schoolchildren, reflecting the level of assimilation of moral values. The leading role is given to extracurricular and extracurricular practices. This includes game activity, organization of actions, preparation of socially significant projects, socially useful work, and sports and recreational activities.
Ways to assess the level of spiritual education and development
In the system of modern education, checking the results that schoolchildren managed to achieve is an obligatory measure. To do this, there is a whole range of procedures - from verification work to state final certification. It is much more difficult to evaluate achievements in the field of spiritual education. The main indicators are: the breadth of cognitive interests, interest in spiritual culture, understanding and acceptance of basic moral values, the formation of ethical ideas that determine choice in various situations.
Based on this, the main task of the teaching staff is to develop possible criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the educational process. These include:
- level of interest in morally significant values;
- the volume and completeness of knowledge about spiritual guidelines and principles;
- the orientation of the emotional attitude to the system of basic values, the degree of their adoption;
- willingness to objectively evaluate their own actions and actions of others from the standpoint of ethical standards;
- experience in practical adherence to moral rules in situations of choice;
- the level of activity of the participation of schoolchildren in activities related to spiritual and moral development;
- students' initiative and ability to self-organize;
- activity and cohesion of the teaching staff in educational work.