The implementation of construction projects requires the development of special documentation, in accordance with which the work of specialists should be carried out. Its structure, as well as the approval procedure are determined by law - at the level of federal regulatory acts. The main element of the corresponding set of sources is the design documentation. In some cases, it can be supplemented by working, as well as technical conditions. What are the features of the development of design documentation in construction? What are the main sources of law governing its application?
What is the design documentation?
By project documentation (or design estimates) it is customary to understand a set of sources, which may include both textual and graphic materials intended to determine the lists of architectural, technological, structural, as well as engineering solutions used in the framework of the construction project.
Depending on the complexity of the tasks facing the company, the structure of the relevant documentation may vary. On its composition depends on which specific specialists will be involved in the development of these sources.
The role of design documentation in construction
Actually, what is the design estimate documentation for? Its main role is primarily to regulate the implementation of the construction project. In addition, the preparation of relevant documentation is a legal requirement. Without it, it is impossible to take the constructed property into operation. Similarly, design estimates are needed during reconstruction or redevelopment of buildings and structures.
Thus, the sources in question are needed both from the point of view of the requirements of the law, and for the implementation of the work directly, as an objectively necessary data source that allows you to build a building or structure that meets the established quality criteria, as well as within the costs that are determined by the project participants.
The project documentation system is a set of sources, in fact, reflecting a common understanding by the customer and the developer of the project concept, as well as establishing the order of uninterrupted and efficient supply of various elements of the building infrastructure. The important role of the sources under consideration determines the need to attract the most qualified specialists to their development, as well as following special algorithms.
So, the appropriate work should be carried out only by those organizations that have permits to carry out work related to the preparation of the documentation in question. Let us consider in more detail who can carry out its development.
Who develops project documentation?
The builder himself or the competent person who is involved by him or the customer can create design estimates. Sometimes an individual is under a contract. For example, it may be an experienced engineer.
The person who is responsible for the preparation of the documentation in question also coordinates the work necessary to create the appropriate sources. In addition, he is responsible for the quality of the documentation, as well as its compliance with technical regulations. The preparation of project documentation may in some cases be accompanied by the delegation of a number of developer functions to other persons who have the necessary competence.
The customer submits to the developer a number of relevant sources:
- urban development plan for the site or a planning plan for the territory that is supposed to be used as part of the construction project;
- a document reflecting the results of engineering surveys or, if they are not ready, an assignment for their implementation;
- technical conditions, if the functioning of the construction object requires technological connection.
Consider what requirements exist for the composition of the sections of the relevant documentation that is used in the framework of construction projects, in solving problems of reconstruction and overhaul of various buildings and structures.
Requirements for the design documentation structure
The main source of law, which spells out what requirements the project documentation of the facility must comply with, is the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation. It also says that the requirements for the sources in question are established by the government of the Russian Federation. In practice, the composition of the sections of project documentation intended for construction, reconstruction and overhaul is determined mainly in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 87, adopted on 02.16.2008. In addition, the criteria established by this source of law in many cases are consistent with the provisions of the Town Planning Code.
The norms contained in Decree No. 87 apply if the preparation of design documentation is carried out in relation to facilities that:
- have a production purpose;
- characterized by non-productive purpose;
- are linear.
Let us now consider how, in Decree No. 87, the composition of the design documentation is actually determined. Compliance with these requirements is a key condition for the successful development of these sources.
The composition of the design documentation
In accordance with Decree No. 87, properly designed project documentation includes 12 sections. In their structure are present:
- explanatory note;
- a section with the layout of the land;
- a document reflecting the list of architectural solutions;
- A section on structural as well as space-planning construction solutions;
- a document reflecting information about the engineering infrastructure, support networks, lists of technical measures, the content of various technological solutions;
- a section explaining the essence of the construction organization project;
- a document reflecting the essence of the project for the organization of those works associated with the demolition of capital construction projects, if this procedure is required;
- a section representing a list of activities related to environmental protection;
- a section on activities aimed at providing access for people with disabilities;
- a document reflecting the list of measures that are aimed at improving the energy efficiency of facilities;
- estimates reflecting data on capital construction projects ;
- other documents, the inclusion of which in the design estimates is required by law.
It can be noted that the section reflecting information about the engineering infrastructure includes several subsections, namely, sources that disclose data on systems: electricity, water, wastewater, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, gas, communications.
Also in the structure of the section under consideration should be a subsection that provides information about technological solutions. It is worth noting that, in accordance with the Town Planning Code, correctly prepared project documentation includes sections presented in a slightly different structure. In particular, it involves the inclusion in the sources under consideration of a section reflecting information on ensuring the necessary level of safe operation of construction sites, which, in turn, is not provided for by Resolution No. 87.
If the project documentation requires the inclusion of other sections that are not defined as mandatory elements of it in the legislation, then their list is recorded in agreements between the developer of the relevant sources and the customer. It can be noted that some of the sections of the documentation that are defined by law, it is mandatory to include in it only if the construction project is implemented at the expense of budgetary organizations. Their specific list is given in Decree No. 87.
Can design documentation be drawn up for individual stages of the implementation of construction work? The documentation, the project described in it, indeed, can be considered in the context of specific periods of the implementation of the construction plan. In this case, the need to develop a separate group of sources for each stage is fixed in the project creation task. Moreover, this procedure is subject to justification by special calculations, which confirm the possibility of practical implementation of various design decisions in the framework of the construction project in stages.
In addition, the documentation used in specific periods of construction is developed in an established volume. Its structure from the point of view of the basic elements, as well as the presence of sections, must comply with the requirements set forth in Resolution No. 87.
Purpose of working documentation
So, we considered that a well-prepared project documentation includes, as well as its main features. However, in practice, this set of sources in order to regulate construction work, as a rule, is also supplemented by another type of documentation - working. It will be useful to study its features.
It can be noted that Regulation No. 87 does not explicitly regulate the order in which the working component of the sources for the implementation of the project should be developed. The relevant legal act establishes that it, like project documentation, includes both textual and graphic documents. For example, drawings, various specifications.
In principle, design and working documentation can be created simultaneously. The composition and structure of the second in the general case are determined by the customer or developer, depending on the details of certain decisions given in the design documentation. The relevant parameters can be recorded in a task sent to the developer of the sources in question.
The main elements of the working documentation are drawings, specifications and other documents supplementing them. On their basis, the implementation of those decisions that are provided for by the project is carried out.
Specifications as part of the construction documentation
The next most important type of source that can complement the project documentation is technical specifications. It will be useful to consider their specifics. To a certain extent, the application of technical conditions is also regulated by Decree No. 87. Thus, the relevant legal act states that they are developed and approved if:
- the implementation of project documentation requires a larger list of requirements, reflecting the reliability and safety of structures, relative to the list that is established by regulatory acts;
- The relevant requirements are not defined in regulatory enactments.
Technical conditions should be developed in the manner prescribed by law. In practice, it is determined by the competent authority - the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Public Utilities of the Russian Federation in coordination with other federal bodies of the Russian Federation.
Thus, project documentation includes working documentation in cases provided for by law, as well as in the presence of certain agreements between the customer and the developer of the relevant sources. In some cases, it is supplemented by technical conditions, which are also created in the manner determined by the legislator.
The structure of project documentation for Resolution No. 87
In accordance with the provisions of Decree No. 87, the preparation of project documentation involves the inclusion of textual and graphic elements in it. The first should reflect:
- information about the construction object;
- descriptions of various solutions, in particular technical;
- explanations, necessary references to regulatory and other sources that are used in the preparation of documentation;
- calculations that justify the decisions made during the development of the project.
The graphic part of the project documentation clearly displays the relevant solutions. To do this, you can use:
- blueprints;
- graphic schemes;
- plans;
- other necessary documents presented in graphical form.
Preparation of project documentation as part of the acquisition of both types of elements, both textual and graphic, should be carried out subject to the organization that performs the relevant work, the requirements of the legislation on state secrets. The way in which certain elements of the considered documentation should be drawn up is regulated by the norms established by the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Public Utilities of the Russian Federation.
Documentation Examination
So, we considered that the design and estimate documentation includes, in accordance with which rules of law is drawn up. It will also be useful to study one of the most important aspects of its application - conducting a state examination of these sources.
The procedure under consideration is carried out with the aim of creating construction facilities in accordance with the requirements of the legislation in force in various fields, including the one aimed at ensuring the guarantee of observance of the rights of citizens and organizations in various legal relations. Design and estimate documentation must undergo an examination in accordance with the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation, as well as Federal Law No. 337, adopted on 11.28.2011. The relevant procedure is carried out by the competent state authorities.
However, in preparation for it, the construction company may turn to the services of private structures that can provide support for the examination in question. What is the essence of this service?
Maintenance of state examination of construction documentation
Support for the examination of project documentation includes most often:
- carrying out a non-state examination in accordance with the criteria, generally relevant to those that guide the competent authorities;
- audit of specific sections of the documentation with a view to identifying defects in them, determining the degree of compliance with the established requirements of the law;
- preparation of the necessary materials in order to transfer documents to the state body that conducts the examination.
Many firms also offer their customers advisory support directly during their interaction with departments that conduct state examination of documentation. Experts recommend contacting companies that are ready to carry out both legal and organizational, and consulting support of the design documentation development procedure. In all these aspects, the assistance of experienced professionals may be useful for an enterprise implementing a construction project.