Domestic lathe 1A616 is available since the fifties of the last century. The production model of the Middle Volga plant can still be found at various production enterprises. Consider the characteristics and features of this technique, as well as consumer reviews.
Description
The 1A616 lathe is equipped with a caliper moving mechanically in the transverse direction to a maximum value of up to 195 millimeters. In the longitudinal plane, the stroke of the element is provided by a screw and a roller to a limit value of 670 mm. The feed parameters have the same range from 0.065 to 0.91 rpm.
The characteristics of the machine make it possible to quickly replace gears in the feed box with replaceable precision parts. This allows you to thread with the highest possible accuracy. To cut standard threads in inch, modular or metric configurations, this change is not necessary. Obtaining the exact parameters is determined by turning on the spindle directly, bypassing the feed box.
Technical characteristics of the lathe 1A616
The unit under consideration is used for processing workpieces of compact dimensions. The equipment has the following technical plan parameters:
- The turning limit along the length is 660 mm.
- The maximum length of the workpiece is 710 mm.
- The diameter of the workpiece over the caliper / bed - 180/320 mm.
- Weight - 1.5 t.
- The diameter of the through hole of the spindle is 35 mm.
- Type of threaded tip according to GOST - 6K.
- The spindle rotation interval is 9-1800 rpm.
- Length / width / height - 2.13 / 1.22 / 1.22 m.
The following thread types are cut on a 1A616 lathe:
- Pitch processing in increments of 2-128.
- Inch thread - 1-56 threads per inch.
- The modular version is in the range of 0.25 to 5.5 mm.
- The metric version is 0.2-24 mm.
The processed workpieces are placed in a conventional chuck, fixed with pneumatic or hydraulic clamping devices.
Design
The equipment under consideration includes the following elements and details:
- Front and rear pedestal.
- Front and rear headstock.
- The reversing device, the overhaul device, as well as the unit responsible for increasing the working step.
- Interchangeable wheel assembly.
- Cabinet for electrical equipment.
- Apron with feed mechanism.
- Bed.
- Supply box.
- Cutting tool cooling system.
- Gearbox.
- Tray for collecting chips and waste refrigerant.
Operating principle
Metalworking machines 1A616 work according to this principle:
- The detail before processing is fixed in the equipment cartridge or between centers.
- Cutters are mounted in their holder on a support. At the same time, no more than four cutting elements can be installed.
- For the manipulation of drilling or cutting internal threads, a suitable tool is fixed in the tailstock quill.
- The main processing of the workpiece is carried out by combining the translational-rotational movement of the torch and the speed of the part. This design allows the processing of cylindrical, conical and shaped parts, including screw and end parts.
On a metal lathe 1A616, torque is transmitted to the spindle and workpiece using a belt pulley, which is placed between the supports. If necessary, the V-belt can be replaced without removing the spindle. The design of this equipment provides for the principle of separate transmission to the caliper. It can be moved with the spindle or roller. A DC starter is involved in the motor winding, providing effective braking of the drive.
Wiring diagram
The electrical circuit of the lathe 1A616 includes such elements:
- Fuses.
- Input switch.
- Light element for lighting the work area.
- Voltage relay.
- Contactors of inclusion and return.
- The regulator of inclusion of the pump of a cooling liquid.
- Motor speed relay and analogue contactor control.
- Step-down transformer.
- Load indicator
- Rectifier.
- Switch equipment control node.
The metalworking unit is equipped with two electric motors, each of which has its own functionality. The three-phase motor PA22 has a power of 0.12 kW and a speed of 2800 rotations per minute. It serves to turn on the refrigerant pump to the working area.
The three-phase analog A02-41-4 has a power rating of 4 kW (1430 rpm). Its purpose is to ensure the operation of the main drive of the machine.
Industrial models are designed for a voltage of 380 V, household options are aggregated with an electric network of 220 V. Modifications designed for 500 V are available on request.
The working process
The feed movement during the operation of metalworking machines 1A616 occurs from the spindle assembly to the support. The gearbox is able to ensure the operation of the equipment in 48 ranges, 22 are officially indicated, since some speeds coincide. For the longitudinal movement of the caliper, a gear clutch is used, and in the transverse plane, a lead screw.
For threading in increments of less than six millimeters, the caliper and spindle aggregate directly with each other. Processing of large values is carried out by means of enumeration and an intermediate element of step increment. The main working movement of the equipment in question is the cutting moment made by the spindle with the workpiece fixed in it. In addition, a pair of V-belt drives and a speed block for 12 ranges are responsible for this process.
Gearbox
This important part of the lathe includes three shafts placed in compartments with bearings, movable bolts with gears and a single active gear. The rotation speed is selected by gearing gears with various parameters. The dynamics are transmitted to the shaft, gears and equipment spindle. To increase the speed of rotation of the spindle, it is connected directly to the hollow shaft using a cam-type coupling.
When operating a lathe, be aware of additional mechanical (manual) manipulations. These include:
- Rotate the tool holder and set it to the desired position.
- Moving tailstock with placed quill.
- Installation of a support in the necessary position.
Lathe 1A616: price and reviews
The cost of the equipment in question in the secondary market, depending on the condition, configuration and year of manufacture, in the secondary market is from 40 thousand rubles and more.
Customer feedback on the machine allows us to highlight the main advantages of this metalworking technology. They include users:
- Multifunctionality.
- Reliability.
- High precision machining.
Among the minuses, the owners indicate that many operations must be configured manually. In addition, calibration and adjustment of equipment requires the participation of a specialist.
Finally
The technical capabilities of the domestic lathe 1A616, the reviews of which are given above, make it possible to operate it at production enterprises for processing workpieces in large quantities and in the manufacture of single products. The unit can be equipped with working parts from high-speed steels, as well as carbide cutters. The versatility of the equipment allows not only turning, but also threading of various configurations.