Double consonants: spelling and transference rules. Spelling words with double consonants

"Early spring came unexpectedly, silver streams ran along the loose paths. Winged wanderers from distant lands returned, these feathered workers tirelessly make nests."

The spring picture conveyed by this text makes us remember the rules for writing double consonants.

Double consonants in loan words

If the spelling of double consonants in a word cannot be verified in any way, then they are called double. These words are subject to memorization. As this rule requires, the words with double consonants given below are remembered.

1. Some proper names: Alla, Anna, Vassa, Inessa, Ella, Rimma, Cyril, Savva.

2. Borrowed words: terrace, ton, effect, tennis, repression, program, column, correspondent, assembly, alley, score, etc.

3. Some original Russian words: Russia, burns, buzzes, yeast, quarrel.

4. In all words that are cognate with the above.

Differences between words with different numbers of consonants

When in some words one consonant and in others doubled consonants, the rules are as follows:

1. If the root of words differs in the number of consonants, then these are most likely different words with different lexical meanings:

• ton - a measure of weight, tones - the case form of the word tone - a shade of sound or color;
• cashier - a device for storing money, touch - connection at any point;
• point - unit of assessment, ball - an evening of relaxation with dancing.

Examples of offers:

• A ton of coal has already been loaded onto the ship.
• Igor had never heard such a pure tone.
• Today the box office is not working.
• The touch was weak.
• On the exam, I got a high score.
• Natalia was invited to the ball.

2. There are cases when the number of identical letters does not affect the lexical meaning of words: Alla - Alka, crystal - crystal, art - skillful, correspondent - junior, column - column, Finn - Finnish, ton - five-ton.

No double consonants

If we take, for example, the word "aluminum", then it has one letter "l". Remember words that don't have double consonants. Examples of words:

• apartments;
• balustrade;
• gallery;
• humanist, humanistic;
• decibel;
• dealer, dealer;
• amateur, amateurish;
• drama, dramatic, dramatic;
• imitation, imitate;
• corridor, corridor;
• midget;
• producer, producer.

Double word consonants

Typically, words are carried by syllables: ma-shi-na. The rules for transferring double consonants are as follows:

• Part of the word with one consonant remains on one line, and part of the word with the second consonant is transferred to another: colon, ton-na, Al-la, Russia.
• If possible, carry words with double consonants in a place where there is no double consonant: art, terra-sa, correspondent.

Unfortunately, even adults sometimes make mistakes, well, or don’t know how to correctly transfer such words. To prevent embarrassment from happening to you, let's discuss in which cases hyphenation with double consonants is unacceptable. Examples:

• all-her;
• terrace;
• art.

In addition, the rules for transferring double consonants prohibit transferring words with one vowel sound: class, score, burn.

At the junction of morphemes

When the end of the prefix and the beginning of the root, the end of the root and the beginning of the suffix or suffix are the same letter, double consonants appear. The rules dictate this spelling:

• permanent;
• fearless;
• wholeheartedly;
• toothless;
• lawless;
• to provoke;
• arrogant;
• story;
• get furious;
• pickle;
• dissect;
• to dry;
• be pinched with cold;
• vestibule;
• give in;
• pry off;
• thaw;
• outflow;
• beat in;
• enter,
• up;
• entrusted;
• art;
• Russian;
• sailor;
• Novocherkassk;
• picture;
• old;
• true;
• cardboard;
• cup holder;
• windowsill;
• supporter;
• wanderer;
• the chosen one;
• pickpocket;
• raspberry;
• aspen.

Double consonants appear when adding shortened stems:

• head physician;
• maternity hospital.

In adjective suffixes

In Russian, one of the most difficult spelling is one and two letters H in suffixes, which are found in the words of different parts of speech. Consider the spelling -n- and -nn- in adjectives. And the table will help us with this.

There are several exceptions to this rule: windy (windless), glass, pewter, wooden.

Of particular note are words that are formed without a suffix:

• pork;
• mutton;
• young;
• scarlet;
• blue;
• green.

In the suffixes of participles

To apply the rule correctly, words with double consonants must be distinguished from adjectives. They are formed from verbs:

• proceed - well-groomed;
• to paint - painted;
• write - written;
• to expel - exiled;
• desire - desired;
• buy - bought;
• eradicate - eradicated;
• to elect - the chosen one;
• incandescent - incandescent;
• fry - fried;
• wake up - awakened;
• demarcate - demarcated;
• print - printed;
• draw - drawn;
• Interview - interviewed;
• grab - grabbed.

Words to remember: unprecedented, unexpected, unexpected, unexpected, unread.

In adverbs suffixes

In words-adverbs, as many H are written as in a producing word. This is the simplest rule. Words with double consonants with this spelling exist in the Russian language along with those that are written with one letter:

• sincere - sincerely;
• unintentional - unintentionally;
• beautiful - beautiful;
• interesting - interesting.

Test

Now that the topic "Double Consonants" has been studied, the rules are familiar and understandable, you can check how high the level of assimilation of educational material.

1. What word is spelled incorrectly?

A. Ball. B. Group. B. Class. G. Alley. D. Gallery.

2. What is the answer to the question: "How to transfer the word?" will be true?

A. You need to leave both letters on the line.

B. Leave one letter on the line and transfer the other.

B. Both letters must be moved to the next line.

3. Answer: can double consonants be tested?

A. Be sure to check.

B. No, you need to remember.

4. In which word is not double, but double consonant?

A. Saturday. B. Telegram. B. The story. G. Hockey.

5. What word do you write LJ in? Write it _____________________

• bros ... thickening fluid;
• zadreb ... red iron;
• drive through the bridge;
• annoying and ... burn;
• ra ... reap trap;
• ra..plaint mom;
• you ... wife land;
• high ... jeanne horse;
• vi ... a living child.

6. One or two letters are missing in parentheses:

beech a (l / ll) ea, television (n / nn) a ante (n / nn) a, drama (m / mm) attic co (l / ll) isia, friendly co (l / ll) lens, interesting piece (s / ss) a, gripping (n / nn) th te (r / rr) itoria, (s / ss) getting to know friends, old draws (w / f) and, show gu (m / mm) anism, crista (l / ll) honesty, file a (p / p) e (l / ll) nation, alloy a (l / ll) yuminium, inventive claim (s / ss) yours, and (short-circuit) decompose it inter (l / ll) to speak gently, go to the opera (t / tt) y, ma (s / ss) lodge, I am fond of white (l / ll) etristics, and (p / np) an delicious pie, art (n / nn) th ha (l / ll) erya.

Assignments in the GIA format

1. What sentences have words that are spelled with double consonants?

• Snow has already melted.
• The shores of ... are heated in the spring.
• The sun is ... pitifully eating snow drifts.
• Rays be ... pitifully burn the yellowed fields.
• Streams and ... have dried up.
• Travelers wandered along the road along ... holding each other.
• Everybody ... sat around the fire.

2. What sentences contain words with two letters H?

• It’s a pleasure to go with a full ... bucket along the barely visible path to the hut.
• He liked everything here and enthralled: how large drops splashed, tearing off the leaves of trees, how peaceful ... about a fire cracked and the forest land smelled breathtakingly.
• My grandmother collected herbs: St. John's wort, plantain, fern, and always told me about their healing sacrament ... s properties.
• His tanned face was crooked ... about deep wrinkles.
• The owner spoke unusually ... about gently, talking with pigeons.
• We approach the house and see that the gate is wide open: it claps from the wind, and the pinch of a tear is torn off ... a.
• The next day, the wicket was more beautiful ... ah, the hinges of her grease ... s.
• In the square at the entrance, a tree ... the bench stands.
• Near the bench were new poles vkopa..y.
• Waves lazily crawled onto the sand and slower ... crawled away, leaving behind an edge of snow-white foam.
• The dog stood and looked into the distance of the sea, numb, with its tail down.
• Grandmother sat at the table, was silent and slower ... chewing bread.
• The dog was huge, with a big head and lions ... paws.
• He wore faded, incredibly wide canvas ... pants.
• Posters were sticky ... s all over the city.
• Everyone left, and only the lackey ... faces of the footmen flashed in the corridors.
• In the center of the room stood a table covered with a cloth ... gold in a tablecloth.

3. Select the sentences in which the numbers are correctly indicated at the place of which the HH is missing.

• On the table, spread out (1) about a lot of vases with flowers and a sketch (2) and a bunch of branches, so that the dishes stand, as if in the sacrament (3) oh more often. (3)
• At the end of the nineteenth century, a thermometer of variable (1) filling was invented. Behind such a wise (2) name was a device that was intended (3) for measuring temperature in a small interval. (13)
• On a hot day, I sat by the tree of the (1) berth and ate frost (2) th with crushed (3) nuts. (1)
• On the table lay out (1) peaches, cooked (2) for compote, not yet cleaner ... (2)
• Glazed (1) doors were shattered (2) s, and after standing (3) their ringing merged with the ringing of the chandelier. (13)
• At the end of the long (1) th corridor there was a fence (2) and the closet, which served as guests (3) by it. (1)

The answers

1. What word is spelled incorrectly?

D. Gallery.

2. What is the answer to the question: "How to transfer the word?" will be true?

B. Leave one letter on the line and transfer the other.

3. Answer: can double consonants be tested?

B. No, you need to remember.

4. In which word is not double, but double consonant?

B. The story.

5. What word do you write LJ in? Write it: scorched.

6. One or two letters are missing in parentheses:

Beech alley, television antenna, dramatic conflict, art gallery, friendly team, interesting play, occupied territory, quarreling with friends, old yeast, show humanism, crystal honesty, appeal, aluminum alloy, inventive art, neatly lay out, talk intelligently, go down on an operetta, a Masonic lodge, I am fond of fiction, an appetizing pie.

Assignments in the GIA format

1. What sentences have words that are spelled with double consonants?

• The streams have dried up.
• Travelers wandered along the road, supporting each other.
• Everyone sat around the fire.

2. What sentences contain words with two letters H?

• It is a pleasure to go with a bucket full of barely visible trail to the hut.
• He liked everything here and enthralled: how large drops splashed, tearing from the leaves of trees, how peacefully the fire cracked and the forest land smelled breathtakingly.
• My grandmother collected herbs: St. John's wort, plantain, fern, and always told me about their healing mysterious properties.
• The owner spoke unusually gently, talking with pigeons.
• In the square at the entrance, a wooden bench stands.
• The waves crawled lazily onto the sand and slowly crawled away, leaving behind the edge of the snow-white foam.
• The dog stood and looked into the distance of the sea, numb, with its tail down.
• Grandmother sat at the table, was silent and slowly chewed bread.

Answers to the third task are given in the text itself, in brackets.