The provision regarding the working hours and rest of drivers is a very important aspect of the labor activity of people who are associated with vehicles. Much has been said about him. Each driver has his own individual work schedule. And it is necessarily determined by special regulations. Well, the topic is important and interesting, so it must be considered in more detail.
Time tracking
So, the first, as regards the mode of work and rest of drivers, is the accounting of working hours. There are only two types. The first is daily accounting. That is, the duration of each day is calculated. And it should be within the limits established by law.
And the second is summarized. Everything is a little different here. The days that the driver works out may vary. There are also long shifts that simply cannot meet the standards. However, despite this, the number of hours worked per month should not exceed the norm in any case.
Driver working hours
It consists of several so-called periods. The first is the time during which a person drives a vehicle. The second is the number of hours that are set aside for special breaks intended for respite. There is nothing more important than the mode of work and rest of drivers. This is an aspect that really needs to be respected. Breathing should be done during the journey and always at the final points.
The so-called preparatory-final time, which is necessary to complete work before departure and after return, is also allocated. A physical examination is another important point. The driver must be in good condition before making a flight.
The parking time, the process of loading and unloading goods, boarding and disembarking passengers is also part of the work. Downtime is an unpleasant phenomenon, which does not take away extra minutes (and sometimes even hours), but it also often enters the driverās working day. Sometimes along the way in the car there are some malfunctions. The responsibilities of the driver include a process to eliminate them, or at least take steps that could contribute to this.
The protection of cargo and the vehicle itself is also part of the work of the person involved in transportation and transportation. Moreover, he must be at his workplace (that is, in or near the vehicle) even at a time when the vehicle is not in motion. In general, as you can see, the list is pretty impressive. And the work is not easy and not safe. Therefore, it is very important for the driver to take breaks in time and maintain a cheerful state.
What you need to know
Something worth clarifying, discussing the features of the regime of work and rest of drivers. For example, if a person has a working day of 8 hours, then all of the above should be included at this time. That is, medical examinations (before and after the flight), breaks, etc. It happens that organizations offer the driver a break by reducing the time allotted for lunch. It shouldnāt be like that - itās not right.
It is also important to know that the time taken to protect the cargo is not always fully counted. But it is necessary that the driver is paid at least 30%. Suppose a driver has a working day of 8 hours. Of these, he guards the cargo for three hours while in the parking lot. The company counts the time both completely and by 30%. If it is done as described in the last example, then out of 3 hours of protection on the working day, only one will turn on. Thus, the total working time is ten hours.
Learn more about daily and cumulative accounting.
This topic is worth discussing in more detail. So, if the company keeps daily records, then the car driver works out the standard forty hours a week. And if he changes 5 times a week, then the duration of each day can not be more than 8 hours. When the driver works on a six-day day, then each change of it lasts a maximum of seven hours.
Summarized accounting is considered a much more sophisticated scheme. In this case, the company calculates the time worked by the driver for the whole month, and not for a single day. And sometimes - and even for the season! This is in cases where, under the working conditions, the daily norm simply cannot be met. A striking example is the summer-autumn period. Usually the situation described above is due to seasonal maintenance. So a car driver can even fall under a 6-month accounting period.
Duration
This is another important nuance relating to such topics as the mode of work and rest of drivers. The duration of time spent by a person driving should not exceed the established norm.
For example, during the calendar month, which consists of 31 days, the driver works 23. In this case, he should not spend more than 184 hours behind the wheel. And at this time, rest, medical examinations, cargo protection, disembarkation and boarding of passengers, etc. are included.
Exceptions
There are some situations. In some cases, the working day can be increased to 12 hours. These are situations when a truck driver carries out intercity transportation. Then he is forced to move on - to get to the place where he will be able to relax.
Still, such exceptions apply to those motorists who work on suburban or city routes. Also, such working hours can be set for drivers who carry out transportation for utilities, for example, for hospitals, clinics and hospitals, for emergency services, telegraph and postal services, etc. This is allowed even when a person is transporting cargo of special importance (for local governments, for example). Similar conditions can be provided to carriers operating in emergency rescue, fire and collection vehicles.
Time sharing
A truck driver is also entitled to share working hours. This opportunity is provided to those people who carry out regular city, suburban and intercity bus routes. A break in these cases is scheduled no later than 5 hours after the start of working hours. Rest, in turn, lasts a maximum of three hours. This break does not include hours allocated to food. This is how the driverās tachograph operating mode looks like: four hours to drive a bus, two to take a break, the same amount to lunch, and again four to drive the route. What turns out? Real working time in this case will be 8 hours. In fact - 12.
About irregular schedule
And there are also irregular working hours. It is available to those people who drive cars (with the exception of taxis). Also, under such conditions, drivers engaged in transporting scientists on expeditions have the opportunity to work. Surveying and topographic-geodesic activities also allow working according to an irregular schedule. And the decision regarding what will be the driverās working day is made directly by the employer. Only he must take into account the opinion of the employees of the company, company or its organization. They must also agree to an irregular schedule. There is a feature here. The fact is that irregular working hours can be of any duration. But the total number of hours per week never exceeds the mark of 40. For example, if the driver spent 20 hours en route (for example, carried out a long intercity flight), then he can carry out this flight again and thatās all - the rest of the week is allotted for the weekend.
How long can I drive?
The duration of the shift is established (without fail), based on how long the work week usually lasts. Days of weekly rest are necessarily provided to the person. These are general grounds and provisions. This is the legal rest of the driver.
Well, but even with an irregular schedule, the number of hours a person can spend driving should not exceed nine. Moreover, if a professional works in difficult conditions (for example, he carries people in the mountains, carries heavy, bulky goods, or carries out transportation by bus, the length of which is more than 9.5 meters), then he can stay at the steering wheel for only 8 hours.
Cases with an increase in time
There are two other special situations. Only in them time, on the contrary, can be increased. Up to ten hours, for example. But only if in two weeks a person will have no more than 90 hours spent driving.
So, based on the foregoing, it was possible to understand that the most difficult schedule of drivers is for those specialists who operate suburban and city buses. For them, the upper limit regarding the number of hours spent driving is not set. Sometimes it even happens that, with a working day that lasts half a day, a person is in motion for 11 hours.
It is important to know that if the driver performs a long flight (for example, from Sochi to Sevastopol - the trip takes approximately 17-20 hours), then he must have a shift operator. He is also on the bus and, when the time comes, replaces his partner.
Special breaks
Each driver (Cat. C, B, D, etc.) has the right to so-called special breaks. They are good because they are included in the working time of a person. Such breaks are provided to all motorists working on intercity routes. These transportations require special endurance, patience, so drivers are encouraged by 15-minute breaks. The first such short-term rest can be made after four hours of travel. And then every two.
In general, the way the driverās working hours look like is understandable, but what about rest time? This is a separate issue. It also consists of several āperiodsā. The first is lunch (a break that goes on rest and food). The second is daily. The so-called ārest between shiftsā. And finally, weekly. It is also called continuous. In other words, a traditional day off. It only lasts longer for drivers, because work requires too much strength and patience.
Holiday Standards
The time taken to relax the driver is also normalized. So, the law allocates at least half an hour to food and at least two hours. If the working time is more than 8 hours, then a person is given 2 breaks for food. But the total duration remains the same - a maximum of 2 hours.
What about inter-shift rest? Everything is simple here - it lasts twice as long as the shift itself. For example, a person works from eight in the morning until 17:00 (a lunch break of 1 hour is included). Then, between shifts, the driver rests for 15 hours. Thus, his next working day will begin at 8 in the morning, at least.
But there are exceptions in which inter-shift rest is reduced. For example, the driver is given 9 hours if he works on a suburban or city route. But when he finishes the second shift, he must get at least two days of rest.
An 11 hours break is given to the motorist if he works on an intercity route.
Driver safety and professional qualities
These are very important aspects. The car, which is the driverās workplace, must comply with all safety requirements. Airbags, belts, lighting, proximity sensors, rear-view mirrors - the vehicle must be equipped with everything necessary. Since the safety level for the driver is also dependent on how good his connection with the road will be and, accordingly, the safety of passengers and cargo. The motorist must be in comfort and safety - this is the main condition.
It is worth noting that not everyone is able to become a driver. And now we are talking not so much about the availability of rights of a certain category, but about the personal qualities of a person. The driver is primarily a physically and morally hardy person. Traffic jams, downtime, not always benevolent companions (sometimes very annoying and capricious), traffic control - all this is not easy to endure. If we, ordinary citizens, stuck in the morning traffic jam for half an hour, start to get nervous, then we can imagine what daily stress the driver of minibuses or, worse, intercity buses are experiencing.
The person should be prepared not to sleep for a long amount of time; to be able to relax as much as possible for the time given to him, to be attentive, concentrated, patient. These are the qualities without which it is impossible to become a driver of intercity buses or a trucker. The work of these people is hard and unpredictable. It is important that the state provides them with decent pay and a sufficient amount of time to relax. And people were patient and understanding.