To make speech emotionally rich, beautiful and expressive, a syntactic means of expression will help. This also includes phonetic and lexical. With their help, they transmit information and their own thoughts, act on the listener or reader.
Means of expression: varieties
The syntax is a section of linguistics that indicates the relationship between words in a sentence and a phrase. He studies intonation, composition of sentences, circulation, homogeneous members. All this performs several functions.
There are several types of stylistic figures:
- Anafora - the author repeats the same phrase at the beginning of two adjacent sentences.
- Epiphora is a way of using expressions at the end of a sentence for colorful events.
- Concurrency in the transmission of information reinforces the rhetorical question.
- Ellipsis makes speech lively, excluding a specific member of the sentence.
- Graduation. A way to reinforce each subsequent word in a sentence.
How to make the text expressive?
To create an artistic image, such expressive means as anaphora, epithet, parallelism, gradation will be needed. With their help create a multifaceted picture. As a rule, not one syntactic means of expression is used, but several at once.
- Inversion. Words are not arranged in direct order. The syntactic means of expressiveness makes speech more expressive.
- Default. The author deliberately does not finish something in order to awaken feelings and thoughts in the reader.
- Rhetorical appeal. The answer to the question is not implied. It is important to attract the attention of the listener.
- Antithesis. The contrast of images and concepts.
Modern views
The lexical and syntactic means of expression are numerous and varied. There is no clear classification, but they are conditionally divided into three groups: phonics, vocabulary, and figures. The first includes the sound features necessary to give expressiveness to the text. Most often they use sound repetition in the form of assonance, alliteration, onomatopoeia.
The vocabulary contains words as neutral, which denote concepts without evaluation by the narrator, and those that convey a direct authorial attitude. Resources are divided into two groups: core and special. The first includes synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, dialectisms, jargon, archaisms. More and more often you can find neologisms - words that have not yet become familiar. Their number is increasing due to the development of information technology for the transfer of objects and concepts.
Among the special syntactic means of expressiveness are those that give the text meaning, persuasiveness, and special brightness. These include epithets, comparisons, allegory, metaphor, metonymy, symbol, anaphora, rhetorical survey.
Lexical means of expression
The basis of the graphic expressiveness of speech is considered the word. The lexical unit is used not only in direct, but also in figurative meaning. They talk about a person using the characteristic of an animal. For example, they use cowardly hare, clumsiness of a bear.
Often helps polysemy, in which words are used in different meanings. Among the lexical and syntactic means of expression there are several varieties of groups:
- Homonyms. They sound the same, but differ in different semantic load. These include homographs, which change the value when the stress changes (MUA - MUKA). Homophones are words that are pronounced the same, but differ in one or more letters. Omoforms sound the same, but are different parts of speech. (I fly on a plane - I fly the flu).
- Synonyms The syntactic means of artistic expression describe the same concept from different angles. They differ in semantic load and stylistic coloring. They help to build a beautiful and vivid phrase in which there will be no tautology. Full are necessary for identical situations. Semantic - shade. Contextual colorfully and multifacetedly describe a person or event.
- Antonyms. One part of speech with the opposite meaning.
What are the trails?
Words that are used in a figurative meaning make the works vivid, convey the main signs of the image. Syntactic means of expressing speech are necessary in the works in order to more deeply show the current event or tell about a person.
In fables they use allegory. To exaggerate the signs or the action taken, you will need a hyperbole. In the 19th century, writers satirically described the vices of society with the help of the grotesque. When they hide the true meaning of the transmitted information, it is disguised as ironic utterances. In order to give inanimate beings the properties of the living, personification is required.
Use in fiction
In the process of reading stories, novels, poems, readers pay attention that each writer adheres to his own rules of writing. Various techniques are used to expand on the topic:
- Oxymoron - connects concepts that cannot be together. For example, dead souls.
- Sinekdoha - a type of description of the whole through some part. For example, an image of a person is created when describing clothing or appearance.
- Comparison - a description of two objects using unions as if.
- Epithets are bright adjectives.
- Metaphor - involves the use of nouns and verbs in a figurative meaning.
The syntactic means of expression presented in the table will help to understand what the author wanted to say, what characteristics are inherent in a person or an object. With the help of words and expressions, a complete picture is formed about the transmitted images.
Advertising genres as a means of expression
The concept of "genre" includes a reflection of reality with a number of stable features. This includes the author’s interaction with the picture of being, linguistic and compositional design. Advertising is a subtle syllable. It can be printed, on radio and television, on the Internet.
Above in the table are syntactic expressive means that help convey the necessary information. Advertising can be in the form of leaflets, booklets, magazines. With the help of a poster, they inform about the time and place of the event.
To psychologically engage the reader, they use “everyday stories”. This view resembles such a literary genre as a story. A booklet is an advertising genre that combines folklore and everyday themes. The folklore genre is considered a short draft message, which consists of one or two sentences.
Examples of syntactic means of expression are a television ad. It can be in the form of a video clip, video, transmission.
Means of expression: examples
To understand how speech is used, you need to pay attention to the author’s statements:
- Anaphora. Wait until the rains come, wait until the thunderstorms break out.
- Graduation. We applauded loudly, deafeningly, noisily.
- Inversion. The dress we bought is gorgeous!
- Rhetorical question. But do not we all gather at the table?
- Epithets. A lonely moon wanders in a sad meadow.
- Personification. The water is silent, but the shore is already nearby.
To make speech convincing, use various expressive means. Colorful turns help out during a speech in front of the public, at rallies, in election campaigns. It must be remembered that they are not used in official business speech. Accurate and convincing speeches will be required.